The project is designed to develop an automatic line to neutral fault detection for the three phase supply system and alerts the authorities through Wi-Fi module based on IOT technology. It provides both audible and visual alerts using LCD and Buzzer modules. The electrical substation which supply the power to the consumers i.e. industries or domestic can have failures due to some faults which can be temporary or permanent. These faults lead to substantial damage to the power system equipment. In India it is common to observe the failures in supply system due to the faults that occur during the transmission or distribution. The faults might be LG (Line to Ground), LL (Line to Line), 3L (Three lines) in the supply systems and these faults in three phase supply system can affect the power system. To overcome this problem a system is built, which can sense these faults and automatically disconnects the supply to avoid large scale damage to the control gears in the grid sub-stations. This system is built using three single phase transformers which are wired in star input and star output, and 3 transformers are connected in delta connections, having input 220 volt and output at 12 volt. This concept low voltage testing of fault conditions is followed as it is not advisable to create on mains line. The controlling device of the whole project is PIC microcontroller. A set of switches are used to create the LL, LG and 3L fault in low voltage side, for activating the tripping mechanism. Short duration fault returns the supply to the load immediately called as temporary trip while long duration shall result in permanent trip. In case there is a short circuit (Line to Ground), the voltage across series resistors changes accordingly, which is then fed to a digital pin data which the programmed microcontroller of PIC16F873 would display in accordingly on LCD.   The fault occurring at a particular distance and the respective phase is displayed on a LCD interfaced to the micro controller. An IoT module(ESP8266) is interfaced to the PIC microcontroller to update information to the mobile App in Android mobile.  

The main objectives of the project are:

 

1. Three phase Line- neutral Fault detection in three phase systems
2. Tracing of exact line where fault has occurred.
3. Display continuously on LCD.
4. Alerting through Wi-Fi based on IOT technology
5. Audible alerts using buzzer alarm

  The project provides learning’s on the following advancements:  

1. Fault detection techniques
2. Interfacing LCD and microcontroller.
3. Conversion of AC supply to DC supply.
4. Embedded C programming.
5. PCB design concepts

  The major building blocks of this project are:  

1. Regulated power supply
2. PIC Microcontroller.
3. LED indicators.
4. Fault switches
5. Reset
6. LCD with driver.
7. Crystal

  Software’s used:

1. PIC-C compiler for Embedded C programming.
2. PIC kit 2 programmer for dumping code into Micro controller.
3. Express SCH for Circuit design.
4. Proteus for hardware simulation.

  Applications:

1. Domestic Line fault monitoring.
2. Three phase industrial protection.
3. Avoids power loss.
4. Avoids unnecessary tariff.

 

Regulated Power Supply:

   

Block Diagram:

video: