The use of green energy is becoming increasingly more important in today’s world. Therefore, electric vehicles are currently the best choice for the environment in terms of public and personal transportation. Because of its high energy and current density, lithium-ion batteries are widely used in electric vehicles. Unfortunately, lithium-ion batteries can be dangerous if they are not operated within their Safety Operation Area (SOA). Therefore, a battery management system (BMS) must be used in every lithium-ion battery, especially for those used in electric vehicles. In this work, the purpose, functions and topologies of BMS are discussed in detail. In addition, early battery models along with the hardware and system designs for BMS are covered in a literature review. Then, an improved battery model is introduced, and simulation results are shown to verify the model’s performance. Finally, the design of a novel BMS hardware system and its experimental results are discussed. The possible improvements for the battery models and BMS hardware are given in the section on conclusions and future work. A battery management system (BMS) is proposed which is used for electronic vehicle that manages a rechargeable battery (cell or battery pack), such as by protecting the battery from operating outside its safe operating area, monitoring its state using NodeMCU microcontroller.   The controlling device of the whole system is NodeMCU microcontroller. The integrated modules to the controller are temperature sensor, Battery pack along with relay, Charger and LCD Module. The NodeMCU measures the voltage from sensor, when any of the battery pack get drained it will switch on the relay for battery charging. Here relay works as a switch to on/off the charging connection.  Node MCU will calculate the battery SOC, SOH values and measure the battery voltage value will be displayed on LCD module as well as it displays the temperature continuously. If the temperature value crosses the set limit, then NodeMCU will active the buzzer for alerts. To achieve this task microcontroller loaded program written in embedded C language.          

Objectives:

  To design a battery monitoring system using the NodeMCU ESP8266 microcontroller.

  To measure battery voltage continuously for monitoring battery condition.

  To monitor battery temperature using a temperature sensor to ensure safe operation.

  To calculate battery parameters such as State of Charge (SOC) and State of Health (SOH).

  To automatically control battery charging using a relay module when the battery voltage becomes low.

  To display battery voltage, temperature, SOC, and SOH values on the LCD display for real-time monitoring.

  To provide a safety alert using a buzzer when the temperature exceeds the safe limit.

  To improve battery safety, efficiency, and monitoring.        

The major building blocks of this project are:

• Regulated power supply
• NodeMCU Microcontroller.
• Temperature sensor.
• Voltage sensor.
• Buzzer.
• 12V Battery pack
• Relay.
• Charging Circuit.
• LCD display.

      Software’s used:

• Embedded C programming.
• Arduino IDE programmer for dumping code into Micro controller.
• Express SCH for Circuit design.

             

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