Diabetes is a common chronic disease affecting people across almost all countries worldwide. The most widely used method for measuring blood glucose levels is invasive in nature, which involves finger-pricking to obtain blood samples. This method is often painful, costly, and carries the risk of spreading infectious diseases. Prolonged and frequent use of invasive techniques can also lead to damage of finger tissues. To overcome these limitations, a non-invasive method for monitoring blood glucose levels is proposed in this project, enabling frequent testing without pain or discomfort. The proposed system is an IoT-based Non-Invasive Glucometer and Hemoglobin Monitoring System using the ESP32 microcontroller. The glucose and hemoglobin concentrations are estimated using non-invasive optical measurement techniques. The system operates on the principle that variations in the intensity of near-infrared (NIR) light, after passing through the finger and received by a photodetector, are correlated with changes in blood glucose levels. Similarly, hemoglobin concentration is estimated using optical signal variations processed through dedicated measurement circuits. The ESP32 processes the acquired signals and displays the measured values on an LCD display. In addition, the system hosts a web-based interface (IoT webpage), allowing users to monitor glucose and hemoglobin levels remotely through any device with a web browser. This enables real-time data access without the need for external communication modules. Powered through a RPS, the system is compact, economical, and user-friendly, making it suitable for continuous health monitoring, early diabetes detection, and anemia screening in home healthcare and clinical environments.  

Objectives:

• To design and develop a non-invasive system for measuring blood glucose and hemoglobin levels without the need for finger-pricking.
• To utilize near-infrared (NIR) optical sensing techniques for estimating glucose and hemoglobin concentrations through the human finger.
• To implement the ESP32 microcontroller for processing sensor data efficiently and accurately.
• To develop an IoT-based web interface for real-time monitoring of health parameters using any web browser.
• To display the measured glucose and hemoglobin values on an LCD screen for local monitoring.

    The major building blocks of this project are:

• Regulated Power supply.
• ES32.
• NIR module for glucose measuring.
• NON-INVASIVE Hemoglobin sensing circuit.
• LCD display.

  Software’s used:

• ARDUINO IDE.
• Embedded C language.

               

Block Diagram:    

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