A battery management system (BMS) is proposed which is used for electronic vehicle that manages a rechargeable battery (cell or battery pack), such as by protecting the battery from operating outside its safe operating area, monitoring its state of charging and state of health. The main controlling device of the project is PIC Microcontroller. The Microcontroller measure the SOC (State-of-Charge) and (SoC) State-of-Health (SOH) , Passive cell balancing from voltage sensors and based on that it will switch ON/OFF the relays for battery charging. Here relay works as a switch to ON/OFF the charging connection. And also, it will monitoring the voltage, temperature, SOC, SOH and passive cell balancing on LCD module. If the battery ambient temperature values cross the set limit it will turn ON the cooling fan and activate the Buzzer for alerts. To achieve this project microcontroller loaded program written in Embedded C language.    

Features of the Project:

• Real-time monitoring of battery parameters such as voltage, temperature, SOC, and SOH
• Uses PIC microcontroller for efficient control and decision-making
• Supports multiple battery packs with individual voltage sensing
• Passive cell balancing to improve battery life and performance
• Automatic charging control using relays (ON/OFF switching)
• Over-temperature protection with cooling fan activation
• Buzzer alert system for fault or abnormal conditions
• LCD display for real-time status and parameter visualization
• LED indicators for system status indication
• Reliable and safe operation within Safe Operating Area (SOA)
• Simple and cost-effective design suitable for electric vehicle applications.

  The major building blocks of this project are:

• Regulated power supply
• PIC Microcontroller.
• Temperature sensor.
• Voltage sensors.
• Buzzer.
• Three battery packs
• Three Relays.
• Charging Circuit.
• LCD display.
• LED Indicators
• Crystal oscillator
• Reset button.
• SOC.
• SOH.
• Passive cell balancing.

  Software’s used:

• PIC-C compiler for Embedded C programming.
• PIC kit 2 programmer for dumping code into Micro controller.
• Express SCH for Circuit design.

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