The increasing adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) demands a reliable and intelligent Battery Management System (BMS) to ensure safe operation, extended battery life, and user safety. This project presents the design and implementation of an EV Battery Management System with charge monitoring and fire protection using a PIC microcontroller. The system continuously monitors multiple battery packs through voltage sensors, a current sensor, and a DS18B20 temperature sensor to detect overcharging, over-discharging, overheating, and abnormal current flow. Relays are employed for automatic switching between charging and discharging operations, as well as for fast/slow charging modes to enhance battery efficiency. A fire protection mechanism is incorporated by monitoring temperature levels and activating cooling fans, buzzers, and safety alerts in case of overheating or potential fire hazards. The system provides real-time monitoring of charging status, temperature, and battery health via an LCD display and LED indicators, while alerts are triggered through buzzers for fault conditions. The integration of a microcontroller ensures precise control, fault detection, and safe operation of the entire charging system. This BMS enhances the safety, reliability, and lifespan of EV batteries, while providing robust protection against fire risks, making it highly suitable for modern electric vehicles and other high-power battery-operated systems.  

Components used:

Regulated power supply

PIC Microcontroller.

Temperature sensor.

Voltage sensor.

Buzzer .

Three battery packs.

Relays.

Charging Circuit.

LCD display.

LED Indicators.

Crystal oscillator.

Reset button.

Cooling fan.

Software’s used:

• PIC-C compiler for Embedded C programming.
• PIC kit 2 programmer for dumping code into Micro controller.
• Express SCH for Circuit design.

         

Block Diagram:

         

video: