Radar is an object detection system that uses electromagnetic waves to identify the range, altitude, direction, or speed of both moving and fixed objects such as aircraft, ships, motor vehicles, weather formations, and terrain and when instead of electromagnetic waves, we use ultrasonic waves, it is called an ultrasonic radar. Implementation of ultrasonic radar system using microcontroller and to create a system that improves quality of life. By tracking people and objects, System would allow the observation of activities of daily living (ADL). Ultrasonic sensors generate high frequency sound waves and evaluate the eco which is received back by the sensor. Ultrasonic transmitters operate by sending a sound wave, generated from a piezo electric transducer, to the media being measured. The device measures the length of time it takes for the reflected sound wave to return to the transducer. The Ultrasonic sensors used in this project work at the frequency of 40 Khz. The 40 KHz signal is generated in the Micro Controller. The Ultrasonic Receiver receives the sound waves if any and converts them into electrical pulses which are mostly sinusoids. The interrupt sensor emitting a beam of infrared light from one upright to the other, the sensor can detect when an object passes between the uprights, breaking the beam. Ultrasonic Sensor senses the obstacles in its path by continuously transmitting the ultrasonic waves. If any obstacle comes in its vicinity, then the ultrasonic waves get reflected back to the system. The ultrasonic receiver senses these ultrasonic waves and this information are passed to the Microcontroller. Then microcontroller control the vehicle accordingly. The Microcontroller is programmed using Embedded C language.  

This project provides learning’s on the following advancements:

1. Interfacing Ultrasonic sensor to Microcontroller.
2. Interfacing DC motors to Microcontroller.
3. Embedded C programming.
4. PCB designing.

    The major building blocks of this project are:

1. Battery Power Supply.
2. PIC Microcontroller.
3. Crystal Oscillator
4. Reset button.
5. Three Ultrasonic distance sensor.
6. DC motors with L293d motor driver.
7. LED indicator.

  Software’s used:

1. PIC-C compiler for Embedded C programming.
2. PIC kit 2 programmer for dumping code into Micro controller.
3.  Express SCH for Circuit design.

     

Block diagram:

video: