Distribution transformers are critical components in electrical power systems, and their reliable operation is essential for uninterrupted power supply. This project presents a new method for monitoring the health and operating conditions of a distribution transformer using a PIC microcontroller. The system continuously monitors key parameters such as transformer voltage, current, temperature, and oil level using appropriate sensors. The measured values are processed by the microcontroller and displayed locally on an LCD. The voltage, current, temperature, and oil level values are also transmitted to the user’s Android mobile through Bluetooth (HC-05) for real-time remote monitoring. Abnormal operating conditions are indicated through LED indicators and a buzzer to provide immediate alerts. A relay-based protection mechanism acts as a circuit breaker to disconnect the load during fault conditions, thereby preventing damage to the transformer. The proposed system enhances transformer safety, enables timely fault detection, reduces maintenance effort, and improves overall system reliability.  

The objectives of the project include:

 To continuously monitor the voltage, current, temperature, and oil level of the distribution transformer.

 To process sensor data using a PIC microcontroller for reliable transformer condition assessment.

 To transmit real-time voltage, current, temperature, and oil level values to the user’s Android mobile through Bluetooth (HC-05).

 To display transformer parameters and system status locally on an LCD.

 To provide immediate alerts using buzzer and LED indicators during abnormal or fault conditions.

 To protect the transformer by automatically disconnecting the load using a relay-based circuit breaker during unsafe conditions.

 To improve transformer safety, reliability, and reduce manual inspection and maintenance efforts.

 

The major building blocks of this project are:

• Regulated Power Supply.
• PIC Microcontroller.
• LCD display with driver.
• Electromagnetic Relay with driver.
• Voltage Sensor(pot).
• Current Sensor(pot).
• OIL level sensor(sr04).
• Temperature sensor.
• HC-05 Bluetooth.
• Buzzer with driver.
• Crystal oscillator.
• LED indicators.

 

Software’s used:

 

• PIC-C compiler for Embedded C programming.
• PIC kit 2 programmer for dumping code into Micro controller.
• Express SCH for Circuit design.

   

Regulated power supply:

 

Block Diagram  :

video: