The UPS Battery Monitoring System with Automatic Battery Changeover and Solar Charging is an intelligent power management system designed to provide an uninterrupted power supply by continuously monitoring battery voltage and automatically switching between available power sources. The system is built around a PIC microcontroller, which receives input from multiple voltage sensors to monitor the condition of the batteries, solar panel, and transformer supply. Based on the measured voltage levels, the controller operates relay circuits to charge the batteries from either the solar panel or transformer and automatically selects the healthiest battery for supplying power to the load. The stored energy in the batteries is used to power DC loads directly, while an inverter converts the DC power into AC for operating AC loads during power outages. The PIC microcontroller continuously displays battery voltage, charging status, and source selection on an LCD display, while LED indicators provide quick visual information about system operation. A crystal oscillator ensures accurate controller timing, and a reset circuit provides reliable system operation. The proposed system improves the reliability, efficiency, and lifespan of UPS batteries by preventing deep discharge and ensuring automatic battery changeover whenever a battery becomes weak. The integration of solar charging reduces dependence on the electrical grid, making the system energy-efficient and environmentally friendly. This solution is well suited for homes, offices, educational institutions, and industries requiring continuous and reliable backup power.      

Features of this project:  

1. Automatic Battery Changeover: Automatically switches to a healthy battery when the active battery voltage becomes low.
2. Solar Charging and Battery Monitoring: Charges the battery using solar power and continuously monitors battery voltage, displaying the status on the LCD.

      The Major Building blocks of this project are:  

1. Solar panel.
2. Charging circuits.
3. TWO batteries.
4. PIC Microcontroller.
5. Voltage sensors.
6. Relay with driver.
7. LCD with driver.
8. LED Indicators.
9. Reset Button.
10. Crystal oscillator.
11. Inverter.
12. AC load.
13. DC load.

        Software’s used:  

1. PIC-C compiler for Embedded C programming.
2. PIC kit 2 programmer for dumping code into Micro controller.
3. Express SCH for Circuit design.

          Block Diagram:    

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