The system integrates multiple sensors including the MQ-2 gas sensor for detecting harmful gases, the BMP180 sensor for measuring temperature, altitude, and air pressure, and a soil moisture sensor to monitor water level conditions in the mine. The collected sensor data is processed by the ESP32 and transmitted through its built-in Wi-Fi module to the ThingSpeak cloud platform for remote monitoring and data analysis.

For local alerts and safety actions, the system uses red and green LED indicators, a buzzer, and an I2C LCD display. Under normal environmental conditions, the green LED indicates safe operation. When abnormal conditions such as Gas leakage, high temperature, or water presence are detected, the system activates the red LED and buzzer to warn workers immediately. Additionally, a relay-controlled DC fan is automatically turned ON when the temperature rises beyond the safe limit to improve ventilation.

This IoT-based monitoring system provides real-time safety alerts, remote monitoring capability, and automatic response mechanisms, helping to reduce risks in coal mining environments. The proposed system enhances worker safety, enables early hazard detection, and contributes to the development of smart and safer mining operations.

The features of the project are:

1. Real-time monitoring – Continuously checks gas, temperature, air pressure, and water level in the coal mine.
2. Gas detection – The MQ-2 sensor detects harmful gases and smoke.
3. Temperature monitoring – The BMP180 sensor measures temperature and air pressure.
4. Water level detection – The soil moisture sensor detects the presence of water.
5. Automatic fan control – The DC fan turns ON automatically when temperature becomes high.
6. Safety alerts –
   • Green LED → Normal condition
   • Red LED + Buzzer → Danger or abnormal condition
7. LCD display – Shows sensor values and system status.
8. Cloud monitoring – Sensor data is sent to ThingSpeak using Wi-Fi (ESP32) for remote monitoring.

Components Used:

• Regulated Power Supply.
• ESP32 Microcontroller.
• MQ-2 sensor
• Water level Sensor.
• BMP180.
• DC fan
• Relay.
• Green LED
• Red LED.
• Buzzer.
• LCD display.

Software’s used:

1. Embedded C programming.
2. Arduino IDE for dumping code into Micro controller.
3. Express SCH for Circuit design.
4. Thingspeak API.

Regulated Power Supply:

Block diagram:

video:

All sensor data—including flush count, soil moisture percentage, water level, and pH value—are displayed on both an onboard LCD screen and a web interface hosted by the ESP32, enabling remote monitoring through Wi-Fi. The ESP32 executes decision-based logic to control pump operation and ensure optimal water distribution without manual intervention. This integrated smart water management system enhances usability, minimizes water wastage, and supports sustainable domestic and agricultural water usage through automation and IoT-based monitoring.

The objectives of the project include:

 To design and implement an ESP32-based smart water management and irrigation system capable of autonomous operation with real-time monitoring.

 To measure and monitor key water parameters such as

• Water Level
• pH Level
• Soil Moisture
• Flush Count

 To automate water distribution using pumps, were

• Pump 1 refills the toilet flush tank when flush usage is detected
• Pump 2 irrigates plants when soil moisture is below the threshold

 To display all real-time sensor readings on an LCD module, enabling easy on-site monitoring.

 To develop a web dashboard using the ESP32’s Wi-Fi capability for remote visualization of water level, soil moisture, pH value, and flush count.

 To reduce water wastage by enabling intelligent decision-making based on sensor data and automated pump control.

 To ensure system reliability and safety through continuous monitoring and timely activation of pumps only when required.

 To create a scalable and user-friendly smart water management solution suitable for homes, farms, or greenhouse applications.

The main building blocks of the project are:

• Adapter power supply.
• ESP32.
• Two DC water pumps.
• PH sensor.
• Water level sensor.
• Soil moisture sensor.
• Flush.
• Main tank.

Software’s used:

1. WEB technology.
2. Arduino IDE studio compiler to write the program.
3.  Express SCH for Circuit design.

video:

In this proposed system monitor the plant water level, Temperature, humidity and light into the mobile application through Esp8266 WI-FI.

The main controlling device of the project is Arduino UNO microcontroller which loaded program written in embedded C language. Arduino will continuously monitor the sensor data and based on that it will switch on the appropriate device through relay and upload the sensor data into the WEB application through Esp8266 Wi-Fi module. Here relay works as a switch to ON/OFF the light and water motor.

The major objectives of this project are:

• To design a DHT11 sensor-based system for accurate temperature and humidity monitoring.
• To implement a soil moisture detection system using a soil sensor for real-time soil condition measurement.
• To integrate IoT technology to send temperature, humidity, soil moisture, and light data to a WEB application.
• To develop an LDR-based automatic light control system for efficient illumination management.
• To control an exhaust fan automatically based on temperature and humidity levels using the DHT11 sensor.
• To operate a water pump automatically based on soil moisture readings for smart irrigation.
• To provide visible alerts and sensor readings using an LCD display.
• To achieve complete system integration and control using an Arduino Uno microcontroller.

The major building blocks of this project are:

• Soil Moisture Sensor.
• Humidity Sensor& Temperature Sensor.
• Light Dependent Resistor (LDR).
• Arduino Uno.
• Power Supply Circuit.
• LCD Display.
• Esp8266Wi-fi Module.
• Fans, Bulbs, Water Pump, Relays.

Software’s used:

• Embedded C program.
• ARDUINO IDE studio.

video: