The main objective of this project is to design an IOT based battery monitoring system. The controlling device of the whole project is Arduino UNO.  Arduino continuously monitor the BATTERY voltage in thingspeak webpage along with date and time through WI-FI. To perform the task, Microcontroller is loaded with an intelligent program written in embedded ‘C’ language.

ThingSpeak is an open-source Internet of Things (IoT) application and API to store and retrieve data from things using the HTTP protocol over the Internet or via a Local Area Network. This IoT device could measure the SOLAR parameters. It continuously monitors the data and updates them to an IoT platform. We can increase the monitoring techniques by making use of advanced technology. In this project we are making use of technology to sense solar energy efficiency so that efficient services can be provided to the solar systems.

The main objectives of the project are:

1. Monitoring of battery voltage on Thingspeak cloud.
2. Using of Arduino microcontroller to archive this task.

The main blocks of this project are:

• Regulated Power Supply.
• Arduino uno.
• 7V 300mAH (Lithium Polymer) Lipo Rechargeable Battery and battery charger
• ESP8266 WI-FI.

Software’s used:

1. Embedded C programming.
2. Arduino IDE programmer for dumping code into Micro controller.
3. Express SCH for Circuit design.

Block Diagram:

video:

The system also provides automatic protection during abnormal conditions. When the current exceeds the preset safe limit or a short-circuit condition occurs, the Raspberry Pi Zero W activates a relay to disconnect the supply automatically. This helps to protect the transmission line and connected loads from overcurrent and short-circuit faults. The proposed system provides real-time monitoring, automatic fault protection, remote access, and improved electrical safety.

The main features of this project are:

• In this project Current transformer and Voltage transformer is used to know the changes in the current change and the voltage change.
• Similarly, Transmission line will be connected with this sensor whose data will be uploaded to the web server.
• Connect to the Wi-Fi Technology with the server which can be accessed with the secure login page.
• Connect power supply for Raspberry pi zero w.
• Connected Relay to the Raspberry pi zero for automatic switching.
• Connect LCD display to the Raspberry pi zero w for monitoring.

The main blocks of this project are:

• Raspberry Pi Zero W
• Current Transformer
• Voltage Transformer
• Transmission Line Node
• Relay Driver
• SD card
• LCD display.

Software’s used:

• Raspbian OS.
• Python language.
• Express SCH for Circuit design.

Regulated Power Supply:

Block Diagram of The Project:

video:

The proposed system employs a 9-axis gyroscope sensor (accelerometer, gyroscope, and magnetometer) to accurately capture hand motion data and quantify Parkinson’s tremors in terms of tremors per second. A TinyML-based machine learning model is deployed on the embedded device to analyze motion patterns locally, enabling efficient, low-power, and real-time tremor detection without constant cloud dependency. In addition to motion analysis, the system integrates a MAX30102 sensor to monitor vital physiological parameters such as heart rate and blood oxygen saturation (SpO₂), while body temperature is also measured for comprehensive health assessment.

All real-time sensor readings, including tremor frequency, heart rate, SpO₂, and temperature, are displayed locally on an OLED display for immediate user feedback. Simultaneously, the collected data is transmitted to the ThingSpeak cloud platform, allowing remote access, visualization, and long-term data analysis by healthcare professionals and caregivers. The cloud integration enables trend monitoring, early detection of symptom progression, and data-driven clinical decision support.

The compact, wearable, and low-power design of the smart watch ensures user comfort and continuous operation, making it suitable for daily use by Parkinson’s patients. Overall, the proposed system offers a cost-effective, scalable, and intelligent solution for remote Parkinson’s disease monitoring, enhancing patient care through real-time analytics, cloud connectivity, and embedded intelligence using TinyML.

Objectives:

• To design and develop a battery-operated smart watch for continuous and non-invasive monitoring of Parkinson’s disease symptoms.
• To accurately detect and quantify hand tremors (tremors per second) using a 9-axis gyroscope sensor for effective assessment of motor abnormalities.
• To implement a TinyML-based on-device intelligence model for real-time tremor analysis with low latency and reduced power consumption.
• To monitor key physiological parameters including heart rate and SpO₂ using the MAX30102 sensor and body temperature for comprehensive patient health tracking.
• To display real-time sensor readings and system status on an OLED display for immediate user awareness.
• To enable cloud integration using the ThingSpeak platform for remote data storage, visualization, and long-term trend analysis.
• To support remote monitoring by doctors and caregivers, facilitating early detection of disease progression and timely medical intervention.
• To ensure a compact, wearable, and user-friendly design suitable for daily use by Parkinson’s patients.
• To provide a cost-effective and scalable IoT-based healthcare solution for remote neurological disorder monitoring.
• To enhance patient quality of life through continuous monitoring, data-driven insights, and improved clinical decision support.

The major building blocks of this project are:

• Battery Power supply.
• ESP32.
• 9 Axis Gyroscope.
• MAX30102.
• Temperature sensor.
• OLED.

Software’s used:

• ARDUINO IDE.
• Embedded C language.
• Machine learning.
• Express SCH for Circuit design.

Block Diagram:

video:

GSM based prepaid electricity is a unique and new concept which saves lot of time and power for electricity department. User can recharge the card by sending a predefine SMS to the GSM whenever the power is required. If the sufficient amount is recharged, then the electrical power department can send the message through GSM with unique identification number. So, the power is delivered to user. Depending upon the user usage of power, money will be decreased from card. Whenever the card balance gets low the system sends the SMS to the user mobile through GSM.

Microcontroller is interfaced with GSM modem. “GSM based pre-paid energy meter” is a modern era automation system where we can save the power. Here the devices to be controlled are interfaced with a GSM modem unit, which is capable of receiving instructions in the form of short message service and performs the necessary tasks. A dedicated GSM modem with SIM card is required for each energy meter. The status of the project will display on the LCD screen. This system can switch OFF the power if the consumer doesn’t pay the bill automatically. Here relay works as a switch to on /off the load. Arduino NANO Microcontroller will monitor the energy meter readings will be upload in to the thingspeak cloud along with date and time. To achieve this task microcontroller Loaded program written in embedded C language.

Features:

1. Provides user friendly remote supply to energy meter.
2. Supports controlling of meter.
3. Non-volatile memory-based energy-reading storing.
4. Auto connect feature.
5. Using THINGSPEAK CLOUD to upload the data into the Thingspeak.

The major building blocks of this project are:

1. Regulated Power Supply.
2. ARDUINO NANO.
3. GSM Modem.
4. Digital Energy Meter.
5. Optocoupler.
6. ESP8266 WI-FI module.
7. Relay with driver.
8. LCD with driver.

Software’s used:

1. Arduino IDE Studio compiler for Embedded C programming.
2. Express SCH for Circuit design.

Regulated Power Supply:

video:

The generated outputs from wind, solar, and hydro sources are processed through rectifier and capacitor circuits to provide stable DC power. Voltage sensors continuously monitor the output voltage from each energy source, and the collected data is processed by the Arduino Nano microcontroller. The measured parameters are displayed on an LCD screen for local monitoring.

To enable smart and remote monitoring, the system integrates an ESP8266 Wi-Fi module that uploads real-time data to the ThingSpeak cloud platform using IoT technology. This allows users to monitor renewable energy generation from anywhere through the internet. The proposed system provides efficient data acquisition, real-time monitoring, improved renewable energy utilization, and low-cost implementation. It is highly suitable for smart grid applications, remote energy management systems, and sustainable power generation projects.

The main objectives of the project are:

• To design a hybrid renewable energy system using solar, wind, and hydro sources.
• To monitor voltage and current from renewable sources and battery in real-time.
• To optimize solar energy harvesting using LDR sensors.
• To display system parameters on a LCD for local monitoring.
• To transmit data to the ThingSpeak IoT platform via a Wi-Fi module.

The major building blocks of this project are:

• Arduino Nano.
• DUAL AXIS Solar cell/plate.
• Wind.
• Hydel.
• LDR sensors.
• ESP8266 WIFI module.
• LCD display.
• Voltage Sensors.
• Servo Motors.

Software’s used:

1. Arduino ide compiler for Embedded C programming.
2. Express SCH for Circuit design.

Regulated power supply:

video:

This project presents a smart BMS integrated with a solar-based Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) system for efficient charging and discharging. The MPPT technique ensures maximum power extraction from the solar panel by electronically optimizing its operating point. The system uses voltage, current, and temperature sensors to continuously monitor battery and solar parameters.

A microcontroller-based control unit manages relays for automatic charging control and displays real-time data on an LCD. Additionally, an ESP8266 Wi-Fi module enables cloud monitoring through ThingSpeak and mobile control via the Blynk app. The system also supports temperature-based fan control and voltage-based load management.

Overall, the proposed system ensures safe, efficient, and intelligent battery operation with real-time monitoring, making it suitable for renewable energy-based EV applications.

Main Objectives:

• To develop a safe and reliable Battery Management System (BMS) for lithium-ion batteries.
• To ensure battery operation within the Safe Operating Area (SOA) by monitoring voltage, current, and temperature.
• To implement Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) for extracting maximum power from the solar panel.
• To design an efficient charging and discharging control system using a microcontroller.
• To enable wireless/solar-based charging for improved convenience and sustainability.
• To provide real-time monitoring of battery and system parameters using sensors.
• To integrate IoT-based remote monitoring and control using Wi-Fi (ThingSpeak & Blynk).
• To implement automatic protection mechanisms like overvoltage, overcurrent, and overheating protection.
• To display system status using an LCD and LED indicators.
• To develop a smart and energy-efficient solution for modern electric vehicle applications.

The major building blocks of this project are:

• Regulated power supply
• PIC Microcontroller
• Temperature sensor
• Current sensor
• Voltage sensors
• LCD display.
• Relays.
• DC fan.
• LEDs
• ESP8266 WI-FI module.
• Solar panel.
• Charging circuit.
• Rechargeable battery.
• LED Indicators
• Crystal oscillator
• Reset

Software’s used:

1. PIC-C compiler for Embedded C programming.
2. PIC kit 2 programmer for dumping code into Micro controller.
3. Express SCH for Circuit design.

Block diagram:

video:

The concept involved in the system is to measure the current flowing in the energy transmission line at sensitive areas, sensitive area is defined as where the transmission lines are passing very near to a village or passing over an agriculture field and people are tapping energy to run the pump sets. At these areas the current is measured with two CT’s (Current transformers), these CT’s are arranged at either side of the sensitive area, in series with phase. Now the current flowing through the CT primary is converted into digital and is fed to microcontroller. The controller displays the current in amps, since two CT’s current is to be measured; two CT are designed with microcontroller unit. CT₁, which is supposed to be installed at starting point of particular zone, can be called as master unit. The CT₂ can be installed at other end of that particular zone, the current flowing through this unit CT₂ is transmitted in digital form. The microcontroller will receives this data and displayed onto LCD also send this data into the thingspeak cloud platform through esp8266 Wi-Fi module, the data acquired through wired is compared with master CT1 output and difference is displayed in separated row. The current flowing through both the CT’s is almost equal, line loss is considered, whenever the energy is tapped between the two CT’s, more current is passed through first CT, and the system is programmed such that when the difference is more than3-4% approximately, system energizes the alarm automatically and using relay to on and off the theft. The system also alerts the user through Wi-Fi wireless communication and monitored data is uploading into the thingspeak. If the system detects energy tapping it will activate the buzzer for alerts. The status of the project will display on LCD module.

The main objectives of the project are:

1. Automatic identification of energy tapping.
2. Using two CTs to detect the tapping.
3. Using IOT technology to upload The Energy Tapping Data into the thingspeak cloud using Wi-Fi module
4. Visible alerts using LCD display.
5. Audible alerts using BUZZER.
6. Using PIC Microcontroller to achieve this task.

The project provides the following learning’s:

1. Working of current transformer.
2. Embedded C programming.
3. PCB designing.

The main blocks of this project are:

1. PIC Micro controllers
2. Regulated power supply (RPS)
3. Crystal oscillator
4. LCD Displays
5. Current transformers
6. Wi-Fi module
7. Buzzer.
8. LED indicators.

Software’s used:

1. PIC-C compiler for Embedded C programming.
2. PIC kit 2 programmer for dumping code into Micro controller.
3. Express SCH for Circuit design.

Block diagram:

video:

Solar and wind energy sources are conditioned using voltage capacitive drive circuits and stored in a battery to ensure continuous power supply. A single H-bridge inverter topology controlled by a PIC microcontroller generates the required multilevel AC output. The five-level inverter waveform is modeled and verified using MATLAB, demonstrating improved output voltage quality and higher efficiency.

Real-time monitoring of solar and wind input voltages is implemented using voltage sensors and an ESP8266 Wi-Fi module, with data uploaded to the ThingSpeak IoT platform for remote visualization and analysis. An LCD display provides local system status, while USB communication enables MATLAB interfacing for waveform analysis. The proposed system offers a reliable, scalable, and IoT-enabled solution suitable for modern renewable energy applications.

Objectives:

 To design and develop a cascaded multilevel inverter for photovoltaic (PV) systems.

 To generate a five-level inverter output waveform using MATLAB simulation.

 To improve efficiency and power quality by reducing harmonic distortion.

 To integrate solar and wind energy sources for reliable power generation.

 To store generated energy using a battery system for continuous operation.

 To monitor solar and wind voltages in real time using voltage sensors.

 To upload and visualize voltage data on the ThingSpeak IoT platform.

 To control the inverter operation using a PIC microcontroller.

 To provide safe and stable AC output suitable for electrical loads.

The major building blocks of this project are:

1. Solar panel.
2. Wind.
3. Voltage capacitive drive circuits.
4. Single h-bridge Inverter.
5. Battery.
6. Step-up transformer.
7. AC bulb.
8. LCD display.
9. ESP8266 WI-FI module.
10. PC with MATLAB.

Software’s used:

• PIC-C compiler for Embedded C programming.
• PIC kit 2 programmer for dumping code into Micro controller.
• Express SCH for Circuit design.
• MATLAB.
• Thingspeak cloud.

Regulated power supply:

Block Diagram:

video: