The system consists of an Arduino UNO microcontroller, soil moisture sensor, relay driver circuit, DC water pump, solar panel, and rechargeable battery. The soil moisture sensor continuously monitors the moisture content of the soil and sends the data to the Arduino controller. When the soil moisture falls below a predefined level, the controller automatically switches ON the water pump through a relay to irrigate the field. Once sufficient moisture is detected, the pump is switched OFF automatically. The entire system is powered by solar energy, which is stored in a battery through a charging circuit, ensuring reliable operation even in remote agricultural areas without access to the electrical grid.

This automated irrigation system helps conserve water, reduces labor requirements, utilizes renewable energy, and improves agricultural productivity through efficient and intelligent irrigation management.

The main Objectives of the project:

  To develop an automatic irrigation system that controls water supply based on soil moisture levels.

  To monitor soil moisture continuously using a soil moisture sensor for efficient irrigation management.

  To automate the ON/OFF operation of the water pump using an Arduino UNO and relay circuit.

  To utilize solar energy as the primary power source, reducing dependence on conventional electricity.

  To conserve water, reduce labour effort, and improve crop productivity through smart irrigation technology.

The major building blocks of this project are:

• Arduino UNO.
• Soil moisture sensor.
• Relay board with DC water pump.
• Solar panel.
• Charging circuit.
• Rechargeable battery.

Software’s used:

• Embedded C programming.
• Arduino IDE programmer for dumping code into Micro controller.
• Express SCH for Circuit design.

Block Diagram:

video: