The main objective of this project is to reduce manual effort and improve efficiency in agricultural operations. Solar energy is used to charge a rechargeable battery through a charging circuit, and the stored battery power is used to operate the robot and its motors.

The entire system is controlled by a Raspberry Pi Zero 2W, which acts as the main processing and controlling unit. Two DC motors interfaced through an L293D motor driver are used to control the forward, reverse, left and right movements of the robot. A separate DC motor is used to operate the seed dropping mechanism, allowing seeds to be released at regular intervals through a rotating pipe arrangement. A water pump motor is also provided for watering the crops. A ploughing tool is attached to the front side of the robot body to loosen and prepare the soil before the seed sowing process.

The robot, seed dropping motor and water pump can be controlled remotely through an IoT-based web application using a mobile phone or computer. A Pi Camera is interfaced with the Raspberry Pi Zero 2W to provide live video streaming, enabling the user to monitor the field and control the robot remotely. This system helps reduce labour requirements, saves time, supports controlled seed sowing and watering, and promotes the use of renewable energy in modern agriculture. Thus, the proposed system provides a cost-effective and smart solution for small-scale agricultural applications.

Objectives:

1. To design a solar-powered multipurpose agriculture robot for performing basic agricultural operations.
2. To use solar energy to charge a rechargeable battery and operate the robot.
3. To attach a ploughing tool to the front side of the robot body for loosening and preparing the soil.
4. To control the robot’s forward, reverse, left and right movements using DC motors and an L293D motor driver.
5. To automate seed dropping using a separate motor-driven seed sowing mechanism.
6. To provide watering facilities using a water pump motor.
7. To control the robot movement, seed dropping motor and water pump through an IoT-based web application.
8. To provide live field monitoring using a Pi Camera and mobile-based video streaming.
9. To use Raspberry Pi Zero 2W as the main controller for coordinating the robot operations.
10. To reduce manual labour, save time and improve agricultural efficiency using solar energy and IoT technology.

The major building blocks of this project are:

• Raspberry pi zero 2W.
• Pi camera.
• Solar panel.
• Charging circuit.
• Rechargeable Battery.
• DC Motors along With L293d Driver.
• Seed sowing.
• Water motor.
• Plough Tool.

Software’s used:

• Python language.
• Raspbian OS.
• Express SCH for Circuit design

Block Diagram:

video: