pots – HVS Technologies

HVS-4790. Smart Egg Incubator System developed using an ESP32 controller, temperature and humidity sensors

hvsadmin — Mon, 29 Jun 2026 10:52:53 +0000

The Duck Egg Hatching Process Monitoring and Control System is an ESP32-based automatic incubator designed to maintain optimal temperature and humidity conditions required for successful duck egg hatching. The system uses a DHT11 sensor to continuously monitor temperature and humidity inside the incubator. Two potentiometers (POTs) are used to set the desired temperature and humidity limits according to the incubation requirements.

The ESP32 continuously compares the sensed values with the user-defined set limits and controls the connected devices automatically. When the temperature rises above the set value, the ESP32 activates a transistor driver board to turn ON the fan, thereby reducing the temperature inside the incubator. When the temperature falls below the set value, the ESP32 energizes a relay module to switch ON the heating bulb, maintaining the required warmth for egg development. Similarly, based on the humidity level, the ESP32 controls the mist maker through another relay module to maintain the desired moisture level inside the chamber.

If the temperature and humidity values reach the preset limits, the ESP32 turns OFF the bulb, fan, and mist maker to maintain stable environmental conditions and reduce power consumption. An I2C-based LCD display provides real-time information such as temperature, humidity, set values, and the operating status of the relay-controlled bulb, relay-controlled mist maker, and transistor-driven fan.

This automated system minimizes manual intervention, improves hatching efficiency, and provides a reliable environment for duck egg incubation through continuous monitoring and intelligent control.

Objectives:

 To monitor temperature and humidity levels inside the egg incubator using a DHT11 sensor.

 To allow users to set desired temperature and humidity values using potentiometers.

 To automatically control the heating bulb for maintaining the required temperature during the hatching process.

 To automatically control the fan and mist maker to regulate temperature and humidity conditions inside the incubator.

 To display real-time sensor readings and system status on an LCD for continuous monitoring and improved hatching efficiency.

The major building blocks of this project are:

Regulated power supply
ESP32 Microcontroller.
POT(POTENTIOMETERS)
DHT111(Temperature & Humidity) sensor.
Relays.
LCD display.
I2C module.
Cooling fan.
Heating Bulb.
Mist maker.

Software’s used:

Embedded C programming.
Arduino UNO for dumping code into Micro controller.
Express SCH for Circuit design.

video:

HVS-4824. Power Grid Failure Detection based on Sensing Frequency, Voltage, Current and Temperature with GSM

hvsadmin — Thu, 28 May 2026 07:51:06 +0000

The project aims to develop a Power Grid Failure Detection System based on sensing frequency, voltage, current, and temperature parameters using a PIC microcontroller and GSM technology. The system continuously monitors the electrical parameters of the power grid through sensors and detects abnormal conditions such as voltage fluctuation, overcurrent, frequency variation, and overheating. Whenever any parameter exceeds the predefined safe limit, the PIC microcontroller identifies the fault condition and activates warning indications through LEDs and LCD display.

In addition, the GSM module is used to send instant alert messages to the authorized user or control station regarding the detected fault condition. A relay circuit is incorporated to control the connected load and protect the system during abnormal situations. This project provides reliable, real-time monitoring and quick fault identification, helping to improve power system safety, reduce equipment damage, and ensure uninterrupted operation of the electrical grid.

The main objectives of this project are:

 To design a system for continuous monitoring of grid parameters such as voltage, current, frequency, and temperature.

 To detect power grid failures and abnormal operating conditions automatically using a PIC microcontroller.

 To provide real-time fault indication through LCD display and LED indicators.

 To send instant alert messages to the user using GSM communication technology.

 To protect electrical equipment by controlling the relay during fault conditions.

 To improve the reliability, safety, and maintenance efficiency of the power distribution system.

The major building blocks of this project are:

Regulated power supply.
PIC Micro controller.
LCD display.
Buzzer
LM358.
Three POTs (Voltage, Current Frequency).
GSM.
Temperature sensor.
Relay with AC Lamp.
LED indicator
Crystal oscillator.
Reset Button.

Software’s used in this project:

PIC Compiler for Programming.
Express SCH for Circuit design.

Regulated power supply:

video:

HVS-4806. IoT and GSM Transmission Line Fault detection using Arduino with webpage monitoring and SMS Alerts.

hvsadmin — Mon, 25 May 2026 10:47:49 +0000

The main aim of this project is to design and develop an IoT and GSM based three-phase transmission line fault detection and alerting system using an Arduino UNO and ESP8266 module. The system is capable of detecting different types of faults such as line-to-line fault, line-to-ground fault, over-voltage fault, under-voltage fault, and open-circuit fault. Whenever a fault occurs, the system identifies the fault type, displays the information on an LCD module, activates a buzzer for alert indication, and sends notifications through SMS and webpage monitoring.
The proposed model uses the principle of Ohm’s Law to detect open-circuit, line-to-line, and line-to-ground faults in a fast, reliable, and cost-effective manner. A potentiometer (POT) is used to vary the voltage level from low to high for testing over-voltage and under-voltage conditions. When abnormal voltage conditions are detected, the system automatically trips the circuit using a relay, and the affected phase is indicated through a bulb.
The system also incorporates an ESP8266 Wi-Fi module for real-time monitoring through a web application. Fault information and system status can be monitored remotely over the internet. In addition, a GSM module is used to send SMS alerts to the user whenever a fault is detected, ensuring immediate communication and improved safety.
Current sensing circuits designed using resistor-switch combinations are interfaced with the Arduino UNO through ADC ports to provide digital data representing the fault location in kilometers. Fault switches are placed at known distances to manually create faults for testing purposes. Once a fault is detected, the corresponding fault type and fault location are displayed on the LCD screen.
The entire system operates using a regulated rectified power supply, and the Arduino UNO acts as the main controlling unit. The project is implemented using Embedded C programming to continuously monitor transmission line conditions, detect faults accurately, provide instant alerts, and enable remote monitoring through IoT technology.

Objectives

To design a three-phase transmission line fault detection system using Arduino UNO.
To detect different types of faults such as line-to-line, line-to-ground, open-circuit, over-voltage, and under-voltage faults.
To display the detected fault type on an LCD display.
To provide alert indications using a buzzer and relay protection system.
To monitor transmission line status through a web application using IoT technology.
To send fault alert messages to the user through GSM-based SMS communication.
To identify the fault location in the transmission line using sensing circuits.
To develop a reliable, low-cost, and efficient fault monitoring system.

The major building blocks of this project are:

Adapter power supply.
Arduino UNO Microcontroller.
Fault switches.
Relays.
Resistors.
LCD with driver.
Esp8266 WI-FI module.
Buzzer
Three phase supply.
POT(potentiometer).
GSM.

Software’s used:

Arduino IDE for compiling and dumping code into Microcontroller
Express SCH for Circuit design.

video:

HVS-4802. Black Start and Restoration of Microgrid using Power Synchronization Control & Smart Circuit Breaker.

hvsadmin — Mon, 25 May 2026 05:40:09 +0000

The proposed Microgrid Black Start and Restoration System is designed to provide continuous power supply to loads when the main grid source is unavailable. In such conditions, the system independently generates and supplies the required voltage and current using renewable energy sources through controlled H-bridge inverter operation.

solar and wind energy are used as primary sources. The solar power flows through a charging circuit to charge the battery, and the stored energy is then converted from DC to AC using an H-bridge inverter. The inverter output is stepped up using a transformer and supplied to the critical load through relay-based switching. Similarly, wind energy is processed through its charging circuit and battery, converted using another H-bridge inverter, stepped up through a transformer, and supplied to the non-critical load through relays.

Four potentiometers are used to vary and control the voltage and frequency of both solar and wind sources, enabling flexible power regulation. The PIC microcontroller performs grid-forming inverter control by generating appropriate PWM signals to the H-bridge circuits, thereby providing the required frequency and voltage for load supply. In case of a fault occurring in the grid-forming inverter, the system performs automatic fault rectification to ensure uninterrupted operation.

The ESP32 microcontroller is used for monitoring and IoT communication. It uploads key system parameters such as solar voltage, wind voltage, frequency levels, and relay ON/OFF status to a web interface. An LCD display provides local monitoring, while LED indicators show system status.

Thus, the system enables black start capability and autonomous microgrid restoration, ensuring reliable power supply to both critical and non-critical loads even in the absence of the main grid.

Objectives:

To develop a microgrid system capable of supplying power to loads when the main grid is unavailable.
To implement a black start capability using renewable energy sources such as solar and wind.
To store generated renewable energy using battery-based energy storage systems.
To convert stored DC power into usable AC power using H-bridge inverters.
To regulate output voltage and frequency using PWM control through a PIC microcontroller.
To vary solar and wind voltage and frequency using potentiometers for synchronization and control.
To supply power to critical and non-critical loads through smart relay-based switching.
To ensure uninterrupted power supply by performing automatic fault detection and rectification in the grid-forming inverter.
To monitor system parameters such as voltage, frequency, and relay status using ESP32.
To enable real-time IoT-based data uploading for remote monitoring through a web interface.
To provide local system status display using LCD and LED indicators.
To improve reliability and ensure prioritized load management during power outages.

The major building blocks of this project are:

Solar
Wind.
Grid.
Charging circuits.
Rechargeable Batteries.
Esp32
PIC Microcontroller
Regulated power supply.
ESP32 microcontroller.
I2C through LCD display.
Four POTs.
Four Relays.
Two Bulbs.
Two H-bridge circuits.

Software’s used:

Embedded C programming.
Arduino IDE for dumping code into Micro controller.
Express SCH for Circuit design.
WEB technology.

Regulated Power Supply:

Block Diagram:

video:

HVS-4627. Battery Management System and State Of Charging using Arduino UNO with POTs

hvsadmin — Fri, 20 Feb 2026 05:45:49 +0000

A Battery Management System (BMS) is essential for ensuring the safe, reliable, and efficient operation of rechargeable battery packs. This project presents the design and implementation of a cost-effective Battery Management System with State of Charge (SoC) monitoring using the Arduino UNO microcontroller. The system is developed to monitor key battery parameters such as voltage and current, estimate the state of charge, and provide protection against unsafe operating conditions.

The proposed system utilizes a voltage sensor module to continuously measure the battery pack voltage, while adjustable potentiometers are used to set reference voltage and current limits. The Arduino UNO processes the sensor data and calculates the battery’s State of Charge based on predefined voltage thresholds. A regulated power supply ensures stable operation of the control circuitry. The system incorporates a relay module to control the connection between the battery pack and DC motors, enabling automatic cut-off during overcharging, deep discharge, or fault conditions.

To enhance user interaction and system awareness, an LCD display is integrated to show real-time voltage levels and estimated SoC percentage. Additionally, LED indicators and a buzzer provide visual and audible alerts when abnormal conditions occur.

This Arduino-based BMS offers a low-cost and scalable solution suitable for small-scale battery-powered applications such as robotics, electric vehicles (prototype level), and backup power systems. The implementation demonstrates how embedded systems can effectively manage battery performance, improve lifespan, and enhance operational safety through real-time monitoring and intelligent control.

Main Objectives:

 To monitor the battery voltage continuously using Arduino UNO.

 To estimate and display the State of Charge (SoC) of the battery.

 To protect the battery from overcharging and deep discharge.

 To automatically disconnect the load using a relay during unsafe conditions.

 To display battery voltage and SoC on an LCD screen.

 To provide warning alerts using LED indicators and a buzzer.

 To improve battery life and ensure safe battery operation.

Components used:

Regulated power supply.
12V Battery pack.
Relay.
LCD display.
Buzzer.
TWO POTs.
Voltage sensor.
DC motor.

Software’s used in the project:

Embedded C language.
Arduino IDE for dumping the code into the Microcontroller.
Express SCH for Circuit design.

Block Diagram:

video: