The solar panel is connected to a charging circuit that charges a rechargeable battery for energy storage. Voltage and current sensors monitor the solar panel output, and a voltage sensor tracks battery voltage to ensure efficient power management. The system also measures environmental parameters such as temperature and humidity using a DHT11 sensor to analyze their effect on solar performance. In this system, LEDs are used as the primary load, which can be switched ON or OFF through the switch. Additionally, a water pump is integrated to pump the water on the solar panel surface to reduce temperature and remove dust, thereby improving panel efficiency which can be switched ON or OFF through the switch.

An ESP8266 Wi-Fi module enables real-time data transmission to the ThingSpeak cloud platform, allowing remote monitoring of solar voltage, current, battery voltage, temperature, and humidity. The floating design allows installation on water bodies, improving cooling efficiency and optimizing land utilization. Overall, the system provides an automated, intelligent, and remotely monitored solar tracking solution that improves solar power generation efficiency and supports sustainable energy management.

The main objectives of the project are:

  To design a dual-axis solar tracking mechanism.

  To maximize solar energy output using LDR-based tracking.

  To implement battery charging and energy storage.

  To monitor voltage, current, temperature, and humidity.

  To integrate IoT for real-time cloud monitoring.

  To implement a water cooling and cleaning mechanism.

  To develop a floating platform for improved cooling and land optimization.

The major building blocks of this project are:

1. Charging Circuit.
2. Rechargeable Battery.
3. Solar Panel.
4. PIC Microcontroller.
5. Sun light Sensor to sense the sun direction.(LDRs)
6. Motorized mechanism to control the position of solar panel(DC motors with L293D driver)
7. Limit switches.
8. Voltage sensors.
9. Current Sensor.
10. DHT11 sensor:
11. ESP8266 WI-FI Module.
12. LEDs as load.
13. Water pump.

Software’s used:

1. PIC-C compiler for Embedded C programming.
2. PIC kit 2 programmer for dumping code into Microcontroller.
3. Express SCH for Circuit design.
4. IOT thingspeak technology.

video:

The system uses Infrared (IR) sensors installed on both sides of the road to continuously monitor vehicle density. These sensors send real-time data to a PIC microcontroller, which processes the traffic conditions and determines which side of the road has higher congestion. Based on this analysis, the controller actuates servo motors that automatically shift the road divider toward the less congested side, thereby increasing lane space for the high-density traffic flow.

A regulated power supply ensures stable operation of the system, while a crystal oscillator maintains precise timing for accurate processing. The system also includes an LCD display to show traffic status and divider position, along with LED indicators for visual alerts. A reset button is provided for manual system restart if required.

This automated approach improves road space utilization, reduces traffic congestion, minimizes travel time, and enhances overall traffic management efficiency without requiring manual intervention. The proposed system is cost-effective, scalable, and suitable for implementation in high-traffic urban areas.

Objectives:

• To analyze traffic conditions using a PIC microcontroller
• To automatically adjust the road divider position
• To allocate more road space to high-density traffic
• To reduce traffic congestion
• To improve traffic flow efficiency
• To minimize travel delays
• To enable automatic traffic management
• To enhance road safety
• To develop a cost-effective smart traffic solution
• To monitor traffic density using IR sensors.

The major blocks of the project:

1. PIC microcontroller.
2. Regulated Power supply.
3. FOUR IR sensor
4. LCD display
5. Servo motor.
6. Crystal oscillator.
7. Reset Button.
8. LED indicator.

Software’s used:

1. PIC-C compiler for Embedded C programming.
2. PIC kit 2 programmer for dumping code into Micro controller.
3.  Express SCH for Circuit design.

video:

The helmet is equipped with sensors including a gas sensor, temperature sensor, and humidity sensor, which are interfaced with a microcontroller. These sensors continuously collect real-time data from the surroundings. If any parameter exceeds the predefined safety limits, the system immediately generates alerts through a buzzer and displays warning messages on an LCD.

The collected data is transmitted to a remote-control station using a Wi-Fi module, enabling real-time monitoring through a JUICESSH mobile APP. This allows supervisors to track environmental conditions and take preventive measures promptly.

Wi-Fi technology is used for wireless communication, operating in the 2.4 GHz frequency band with a typical range of 40 to 300 feet. It enables efficient and reliable data transmission between the helmet and the monitoring system.

Overall, the proposed system provides a cost-effective and efficient solution for real-time monitoring and early warning in coal mines, thereby reducing potential safety hazards and improving working conditions for miners.

The features of the project are:

• Real-Time Monitoring
  Continuously monitors temperature, humidity, and gas levels inside the mine.
• Gas Leakage Detection
  Detects harmful gases (like LPG, methane) using gas sensors.
• Temperature & Humidity Sensing
  Tracks environmental conditions to ensure safe working atmosphere.
• IoT-Based Data Transmission
  Sends real-time sensor data to a Mobile APP using Wi-Fi module.
• Wireless Communication (Wi-Fi)
  Enables remote monitoring without physical connections.
• Early Warning System
  Provides immediate alerts when values exceed safe limits.
• Audio Alert (Buzzer)
  Generates sound alert during dangerous conditions.
• Visual Alert (LCD Display)
  Displays real-time sensor values and warning messages.
• Cost-Effective Design
  Uses low-cost components like microcontroller and sensors.
• Compact & Wearable System
  Designed to be mounted on a helmet for easy use by miners.
• Improved Safety
  Helps prevent accidents by early detection of hazardous conditions.

The main blocks of this project are:

1. Regulated power supply.
2. PIC Microcontroller.
3. Gas sensor.
4. DHT11(Temperature & Humidity )sensor.
5. Wi-Fi module.
6. Buzzer with driver.
7. LCD with driver.
8. Crystal
9. LED indicators.
10. Reset Button.

Software’s used:

1. PIC-C compiler for Embedded C programming.
2. PIC kit 2 programmer for dumping code into Micro controller.
3. Express SCH for Circuit design.

video:

The system uses a solar panel to generate electrical energy, which is stored in a rechargeable battery through a charging circuit. This stored battery power is used to operate the entire robot, including movement, agricultural tools, control electronics, and communication modules. An automatic solar tracking system using two LDR sensors and a servo motor continuously adjusts the solar panel position to capture maximum sunlight, thereby improving battery charging efficiency.

An Arduino Nano microcontroller acts as the main control unit, receiving commands from the Android mobile via an HC-05 Bluetooth module. Based on user commands, the robot performs agricultural tasks such as ploughing, seeding, weed cutting, and water spraying using DC motors and relay-based control. The robot’s movement is controlled by DC motors driven through an L293D motor driver.

The proposed system reduces human effort, improves productivity, and promotes the use of renewable energy, making it a practical and eco-friendly solution for smart agriculture.

The main objectives of the project are:

1. To design and develop a solar-powered agricultural robot capable of performing multiple farming operations.
2. To store solar energy in a rechargeable battery and utilize the stored energy to power the robot and its subsystems.
3. To implement an automatic solar tracking system using LDR sensors and a servo motor for maximum solar energy harvesting.
4. To enable wireless control of the robot using an Android mobile application via Bluetooth (HC-05).
5. To perform essential agricultural tasks such as ploughing, seed sowing, weed cutting, and water spraying using DC motors and relay-based control.
6. To control robot movement efficiently using DC motors driven by an L293D motor driver.
7. To reduce manual labor and time consumption in agricultural activities.
8. To promote the use of renewable energy and eco-friendly technology in modern agriculture.

The major building blocks of this project are:

• Arduino NANO Microcontroller.
• Solar panel.
• Charging circuit.
• Rechargeable Battery.
• DC Motors Along with L298 Driver.
• HC-05 Bluetooth.
• Seed sowing.
• Water motor.
• Weed cutter.
• Plough.
• DC motors.
• Relays.
• Servo motor.
• LDRs.

Software’s used:

1. Embedded C programming.
2. Arduino IDE for dumping code into Micro controller.
3. Express SCH for Circuit design.
4. Bluetooth application.

video:

A regulated power supply energizes the PIC microcontroller, which serves as the central processing unit, interfacing with various components including a temperature sensor, Wi-Fi module, LCD display, fan, LED indicators, buzzer, and other essential peripherals such as a reset button and crystal oscillator. The system collects and processes electrical and thermal parameters from the batteries, displaying critical data on the LCD and transmitting it to the cloud-based ThingSpeak platform for remote monitoring and analytics via Wi-Fi.

Additionally, the fan operation is governed by a transistor board, triggered based on sensor readings, ensuring thermal stability. This integrated approach not only ensures optimal battery performance but also provides predictive maintenance alerts, thereby enhancing the safety, reliability, and efficiency of battery-operated systems.

The major building blocks of this project are:

• Regulated power supply
• PIC Microcontroller.
• Voltage and current sensors.
• Three batteries.
• Three Relays.
• Three switches.
• Charging Circuit.
• LCD display.
• LED Indicators
• Crystal oscillator
• Reset button.
• Buzzer.
• Fan.
• WIFI Module.
• Temperature sensor.

Software’s used:

• PIC-C compiler for Embedded C programming.
• PIC kit 2 programmer for dumping code into Micro controller.
• Express SCH for Circuit design.

video:

In this work, the purpose, functions and topologies of BMS are discussed in detail. In addition, early battery models along with the hardware and system designs for BMS are covered in a literature review. Then, an improved battery model is introduced, and simulation results are shown to verify the model’s performance. Finally, the design of a novel BMS hardware system and its experimental results are discussed. The possible improvements for the battery models and BMS hardware are given in the section on conclusions and future work.

A battery management system (BMS) is proposed which is used for electronic vehicle that manages a rechargeable battery (cell or battery pack), such as by protecting the battery from operating outside its safe operating area, monitoring its state using PIC microcontroller.

The controlling device of the whole system is PIC microcontroller. The integrated modules to the controller are temperature sensor, Battery pack along with relay, Charger and LCD Module. When any of the battery pack get drained, that battery pack get charged from the charger through relay and the voltage value of each battery pack is displayed on LCD module as well as it displays the temperature continuously. If the temperature value crosses the set limit, then PIC microcontroller active the buzzer for alerts.

The Microcontroller measures the Battery voltage from sensor and based on that it will switch on the relay for battery charging. Here relay works as a switch to on/off the charging connection.

The major building blocks of this project are:

• Regulated power supply
• PIC Microcontroller.
• Temperature sensor.
• Voltage sensor.
• Buzzer.
• Battery pack
• Relay.
• Charging Circuit.
• LCD display.
• LED Indicators
• Crystal oscillator
• Reset button.

Software’s used:

• PIC-C compiler for Embedded C programming.
• PIC kit 2 programmer for dumping code into Micro controller.
• Express SCH for Circuit design.

video:

The project consists of two self-resonating copper coils of same resonating frequency of about 100KHZ. One copper wire is connected to the power source (transmitter), while the other copper wire is connected to the device (Receiver).The electric power from the power source causes the copper coil connected to it to start oscillating at a particular (KHz) frequency. Subsequently, the space around the copper coil gets filled with nonmagnetic radiations. This generated magnetic field further transfers the power to the other copper coil connected to the receiver. Since this coil is also of the same frequency, it starts oscillating at the same frequency as the first coil. This is known as ‘coupled resonance’ and is the principle of Tesla.

This project presents a solar-based wireless charging system for electric vehicles (EVs) integrated with battery monitoring and control using a PIC microcontroller. The system utilizes a solar panel to generate energy, which is stored in a rechargeable battery through a charging circuit. The stored energy is then transmitted wirelessly using transmitting copper coils.

At the EV section user will control the vehicle through switches, power is received through a receiving coil and regulated using appropriate circuits, including a TP4056 charging module, to safely charge the EV battery. The PIC microcontroller continuously monitors battery parameters such as voltage and controls the charging process using relays. Additionally, IR sensors are used for detection and efficient power transfer control. The system displays real-time information on an LCD and provides indications through LEDs. This integrated system ensures efficient energy utilization, safe wireless charging, and reliable operation, making it suitable for modern, eco-friendly electric vehicle applications.

Features:

  Solar Energy Utilization – Uses renewable solar power for eco-friendly operation

  Wireless Power Transfer – Transfers energy without physical connections using copper coils

  Automatic Charging Control – Charging starts/stops automatically using relays

  Battery Protection – Prevents overcharging and unsafe conditions

  Real-Time Monitoring – Displays voltage and system status on LCD

  Microcontroller-Based Control – Uses PIC microcontroller for intelligent operation

  IR Sensor Detection – Detects vehicle presence for efficient power transfer

  LED Indications – Provides system status through LEDs

  Dual Section Operation – Works with both solar (power generation) and EV (receiving) sections

  Energy Efficient System – Reduces power loss and improves efficiency

The major building blocks of this project are:

• Two Transmitting Copper coils.
• One Receiving Coil.
• Solar panel.
• Charging circuit.
• Rechargeable battery.
• Rectifiers.
• Capacitors.
• Relays.
• IR sensors.
• Tp4056 IC.
• PIC Microcontroller.
• LCD display.
• Voltage sensor.

Software’s used:

1. PIC-C compiler for Embedded C programming.
2. PIC kit 2 programmer for dumping code into Micro controller.
3.  Express SCH for Circuit design.

video:

In this work, the purpose, functions and topologies of BMS are discussed in detail. In addition, early battery models along with the hardware and system designs for BMS are covered in a literature review. Then, an improved battery model is introduced, and simulation results are shown to verify the model’s performance. Finally, the design of a novel BMS hardware system and its experimental results are discussed. The possible improvements for the battery models and BMS hardware are given in the section on conclusions and future work.

A battery management system (BMS) is proposed which is used for electronic vehicle that manages a rechargeable battery (cell or battery pack), such as by protecting the battery from operating outside its safe operating area, monitoring its state using PIC microcontroller.

The controlling device of the whole system is PIC microcontroller. The integrated modules to the controller are temperature sensor, Current sensor, Battery pack along with relays, Charger, transistor with cooling fan and LCD Module. When the battery pack gets drained, it will charge through relays. Here we are using two relays for fast and slow charging. Here DC MOTOR works as a vehicle. While running the vehicle microcontroller will display the voltage and current values on LCD module as well as it displays the temperature continuously. If the temperature value crosses the set limit, then PIC microcontroller active the buzzer for alerts and turn ON the cooling fan. Based on the battery voltage, by using switches we can charge the battery in two modes like fast and slow. Here relay works as a switch to on/off the charging connection. To achieve this task microcontroller loaded program written in embedded C language.

The major building blocks of this project are:

• Regulated power supply
• PIC Microcontroller.
• Temperature sensor.
• Voltage sensor.
• Current sensor.
• Buzzer.
• LI-ION Battery pack
• TWO Relays.
• Charging Circuit.
• LCD display.
• Cooling fan.
• LED Indicators
• Crystal oscillator
• Reset button.

Software’s used:

• PIC-C compiler for Embedded C programming.
• PIC kit 2 programmer for dumping code into Micro controller.
• Express SCH for Circuit design.

video:

In this work, the purpose, functions and topologies of BMS are discussed in detail. In addition, early battery models along with the hardware and system designs for BMS are covered in a literature review. Then, an improved battery model is introduced, and simulation results are shown to verify the model’s performance. Finally, the design of a novel BMS hardware system and its experimental results are discussed. The possible improvements for the battery models and BMS hardware are given in the section on conclusions and future work.

A battery management system (BMS) is proposed which is used for electronic vehicle that manages a rechargeable battery (cell or battery pack), such as by protecting the battery from operating outside its safe operating area, monitoring its state using using Raspberry pi zero.

The controlling device of the whole system is Raspberry pi zero. Here PIC microcontroller works as ADC converter. Microcontroller reads the data and sends to the raspberry pi then raspberry pi process this data and send again to the pic microcontroller. The integrated modules to the controller are temperature sensor, Battery pack along with relay, Charger and LCD Module. When any of the battery pack get drained, that battery pack get charged from the charger through relay and the voltage values of each battery pack and SOC will display on LCD module as well as it displays the temperature continuously. If the temperature value crosses the set limit, then PIC microcontroller active the buzzer for alerts. The MICROCONTROLLER measures the voltage from sensor and based on that it will switch on the relay for battery charging. Here relay works as a switch to on/off the charging connection.

The major building blocks of this project are:

• Regulated power supply.
• Raspberry pi zero.
• PIC Microcontroller.
• Temperature sensor.
• Voltage sensor.
• Buzzer.
• Battery pack
• Relay.
• Charging Circuit.
• LCD display.
• LED Indicators
• Crystal oscillator
• Reset button.

Software’s used:

• Raspbian OS and python language.
• PIC-C compiler for Embedded C programming.
• PIC kit 2 programmer for dumping code into Micro controller.
• Express SCH for Circuit design.

video:

In this work, the purpose, functions and topologies of BMS are discussed in detail. In addition, early battery models along with the hardware and system designs for BMS are covered in a literature review. Then, an improved battery model is introduced, and simulation results are shown to verify the model’s performance. Finally, the design of a novel BMS hardware system and its experimental results are discussed. The possible improvements for the battery models and BMS hardware are given in the section on conclusions and future work.

The controlling device of the whole system is a PIC Microcontroller. The integrated modules to the controller are LM35 temperature sensor, Battery packs along with relays, Charger and LCD Module. When any of the battery pack get drained, that battery pack get charged from the charger through relay and the voltage values of each battery pack and as well as temperature continuously will display on LCD module If the temperature value crosses the set limit, then PIC microcontroller will active the buzzer for alerts. The Microcontroller measures the voltage from sensors and based on that it will switch on the relays for battery charging. Here relay works as a switch to on/off the charging connection.

The major building blocks of this project are:

• Regulated power supply
• PIC Microcontroller.
• LM35 Temperature sensor.
• Three Voltage sensors.
• Buzzer.
• Three battery packs
• Three Relays.
• Three switches.
• Charging Circuit.
• LCD display.
• LED Indicators
• Crystal oscillator
• Reset button.

Software’s used:

• PIC-C compiler for Embedded C programming.
• PIC kit 2 programmer for dumping code into Micro controller.
• Express SCH for Circuit design.

video: