The system was designed such that the energy management of multiple engine motors for Hybrid Electric vehicle using wireless communication modules. This project demonstrates a dual-MOSFET control system using a potentiometer input received via serial communication. The system is built on the Arduino Nano platform and features a 16×2 LCD display for real-time feedback. A single potentiometer value, transmitted from another microcontroller over serial (via SoftwareSerial), is used to proportionally control two MOSFETs representing an engine (EM) and a motor (MO) based on predefined percentage ranges:

• 0–30%: EM is controlled from 0–255 PWM, MO remains off.
• 30–60%: EM decreases from 255–0, MO increases from 0–180 PWM.
• 60–100%: EM turns off, MO increases from 180–255 PWM.

The LCD displays the mapped velocity and power percentage on the first row, and the current status of EM and MO on the second row (e.g., “ENG CONNECTED”, “MOT CONNECTED”). The project showcases smooth transition control using a single input source and efficient serial communication between microcontrollers, useful in electric vehicle hybrid systems or automation applications. The controller unit forms the intellectual part of the device. The future works include giving intelligence to the whole system like if any of the motor senses any fault, the whole system will shutdown.

The major building blocks of this project are:

1. Adapter Power Supply.
2. Arduino Nano.
3. Potentiometer.
4. LCD with driver.
5. Wireless communication modules
6. MOSFET with drivers
7. DC motors with driver.
8. LED indicators.

Software’s used:

1. Embedded C programming.
2. Arduino ide programmer for dumping code into Micro controller.
3. Express SCH for Circuit design.

Block Diagram:

video:

Wireless energy transfer or wireless power is the transmission of electrical energy from a power source to an electrical load without a conductive physical connection. Wireless transmission is useful in cases where interconnecting wires are inconvenient, hazardous, or impossible. The problem of wireless power transmission differs from that of wireless telecommunications, such as radio. In the latter, the proportion of energy received becomes critical only if it is too low for the signal to be distinguished from the background noise. With wireless power, efficiency is the more significant parameter.  A large part of the energy sent out by the generating plant must arrive at the receiver or receivers to make the system economical. The most common form of wireless power transmission is carried out using direct induction followed by resonant magnetic induction.

The project consists of two self resonating copper coils of same resonating frequency generator. One copper wire is connected to the power source (transmitter), while the other copper wire is connected to the device (receiver).the electric power from the power source causes the copper coil connected to it to start oscillating at a particular frequency. Subsequently, the space around the copper coil gets filled with nonmagnetic radiations. This generated magnetic field further transfers the power to the other copper coil connected to the receiver. Since this coil is also of the same frequency, it starts oscillating at the same frequency as the first coil. This is known as ‘coupled resonance’ and is the principle of tesla. This project results in a device where the electricity is transmitted wirelessly through copper coils for a distance. The system uses frequency generator at the transmitter circuit. Therefore, the current flows from the coil on the transmitter side to the receiver side coil wirelessly connected with rectifier and regulator. The output of the regulator is given to the battery charging circuit and from it to the Electric vehicle.

The proposed system makes use of the wireless power to charge the mobile phone and also to drive the vehicle using control buttons. The voltage from copper coil is properly regulated and fed to a rechargeable battery, which is used to power up the microcontroller board as well as the motors.

Features:

1. Copper Coil System
2. Usage of pulse generator
3. Highly Sensitive.
4. Control buttons operated vehicle.
5. Wireless mobile phone charging.

The project provides us exposure on:

1. Conversion of AC supply to DC supply.
2. Resonant frequency.
3. Pulse generation techniques.
4. Embedded C programming concepts

The major specifications of the modules used in the project are:

1. Step down transformer 230v to 12volts, 3 amps.
2. Function generator ic’s like (8038, 1458, xr2206)
3. Mosfet drivers.(irfz44, irf540,irf9140, irfp150)
4. Two copper coils.
5. Regulated power supply (db107 bridge rectifier, capacitor filters 1000uf, regulators 7812)
6. Optical sensors
7. Microcontroller
8. Control switches
9. DC motors with driver circuitry
10. Rechargeable battery

Regulated power supply:

Block diagram:

video:

Nowadays, there is an increasing demand for low-cost single-phase dc–ac inverters in many applications such as photovoltaic (PV), fuel cell, and battery powered systems. The conventional method shows the well-known full-bridge (FB) inverter referred to as buck inverter. In this method, the inverter output voltage (vo) cannot be greater than input voltage (Vin ). This may result in large leakage current in applications such as transformer-less grid-tied PV inverter, which will cause safety and electromagnetic interference problem. In order to overcome the disadvantages of the conventional inverters, a large number of single-stage inverters are proposed.

A single-phase switched-coupled-inductor dc– ac inverter is proposed. Similar to the TSTS (Three switch and three state)-ZSI(Z-source inverters), the proposed inverter can obtain higher voltage gain and maintains same ground between Vin and vo. The proposed inverter also requires three active switches, but all the inductors in the circuit can be coupled together, which will lead to more compact and cost effective solution than the TSTS-ZSI. In addition, the switch signal generation is relatively simpler than the TSTS-ZSI.

Major blocks present in this project:

1. Regulated power supply
2. DC-DC Boost converter.
3. RLC Circuit.
4. Micro controller.
5. MOSFET Driver.
6. MOSFET
7. Step up transformer.
8. Load
9. LCD
10. Crystal Oscillator
11. Reset

Software’s used:

• PIC-C compiler for Embedded C programming.
• PIC kit 2 programmer for dumping code into Micro controller.
• Express SCH for Circuit design.

Block Diagram:

video: