In this work, the purpose, functions and topologies of BMS are discussed in detail. In addition, early battery models along with the hardware and system designs for BMS are covered in a literature review. Then, an improved battery model is introduced, and simulation results are shown to verify the model’s performance. Finally, the design of a novel BMS hardware system and its experimental results are discussed. The possible improvements for the battery models and BMS hardware are given in the section on conclusions and future work.

A battery management system (BMS) is proposed which is used for electronic vehicle that manages a rechargeable battery (cell or battery pack), such as by protecting the battery from operating outside its safe operating area, monitoring its state using PIC microcontroller.

The controlling device of the whole system is PIC microcontroller. The integrated modules to the controller are temperature sensor, Current sensor, Battery pack along with relays, Charger, transistor with cooling fan and LCD Module. When the battery pack gets drained, it will charge through relays. Here we are using two relays for fast and slow charging. Here DC MOTOR works as a vehicle. While running the vehicle microcontroller will display the voltage and current values on LCD module as well as it displays the temperature continuously. If the temperature value crosses the set limit, then PIC microcontroller active the buzzer for alerts and turn ON the cooling fan. Based on the battery voltage, by using switches we can charge the battery in two modes like fast and slow. Here relay works as a switch to on/off the charging connection. To achieve this task microcontroller loaded program written in embedded C language.

The major building blocks of this project are:

• Regulated power supply
• PIC Microcontroller.
• Temperature sensor.
• Voltage sensor.
• Current sensor.
• Buzzer.
• LI-ION Battery pack
• TWO Relays.
• Charging Circuit.
• LCD display.
• Cooling fan.
• LED Indicators
• Crystal oscillator
• Reset button.

Software’s used:

• PIC-C compiler for Embedded C programming.
• PIC kit 2 programmer for dumping code into Micro controller.
• Express SCH for Circuit design.

video:

In this work, the purpose, functions and topologies of BMS are discussed in detail. In addition, early battery models along with the hardware and system designs for BMS are covered in a literature review. Then, an improved battery model is introduced, and simulation results are shown to verify the model’s performance. Finally, the design of a novel BMS hardware system and its experimental results are discussed. The possible improvements for the battery models and BMS hardware are given in the section on conclusions and future work.

The controlling device of the whole system is a PIC Microcontroller. The integrated modules to the controller are LM35 temperature sensor, Battery packs along with relays, Charger and LCD Module. When any of the battery pack get drained, that battery pack get charged from the charger through relay and the voltage values of each battery pack and as well as temperature continuously will display on LCD module If the temperature value crosses the set limit, then PIC microcontroller will active the buzzer for alerts. The Microcontroller measures the voltage from sensors and based on that it will switch on the relays for battery charging. Here relay works as a switch to on/off the charging connection.

The major building blocks of this project are:

• Regulated power supply
• PIC Microcontroller.
• LM35 Temperature sensor.
• Three Voltage sensors.
• Buzzer.
• Three battery packs
• Three Relays.
• Three switches.
• Charging Circuit.
• LCD display.
• LED Indicators
• Crystal oscillator
• Reset button.

Software’s used:

• PIC-C compiler for Embedded C programming.
• PIC kit 2 programmer for dumping code into Micro controller.
• Express SCH for Circuit design.

video:

In this work, the purpose, functions and topologies of BMS are discussed in detail. In addition, early battery models along with the hardware and system designs for BMS are covered in a literature review. Then, an improved battery model is introduced, and simulation results are shown to verify the model’s performance. Finally, the design of a novel BMS hardware system and its experimental results are discussed. The possible improvements for the battery models and BMS hardware are given in the section on conclusions and future work.

The controlling device of the whole system is a PIC Microcontroller. The integrated modules to the controller are LM35 temperature sensor, Battery packs along with relays, Charger and LCD Module. When any of the battery pack get drained, that battery pack get charged from the charger through relay and the voltage values of each battery pack and SOC value will display on LCD module as well as it displays the temperature continuously. If the temperature value crosses the set limit, then PIC microcontroller will active the buzzer for alerts. Here three switches are used to disconnect the battery voltage manually.

The Microcontroller measures the voltage from sensors and based on that it will switch on the relays for battery charging. Here relay works as a switch to on/off the charging connection. This system monitoring cells’ states, at a particular point in time, is often needed in battery development in order to optimize their use. State-of-Charge (SoC) are key quality indicators as they provide very useful data needed for the optimization of the Battery Management System (BMS).

The major building blocks of this project are:

• Regulated power supply
• PIC Microcontroller.
• LM35 Temperature sensor.
• Three Voltage sensors.
• Buzzer.
• Three battery packs
• Three Relays.
• Three switches.
• Charging Circuit.
• LCD display.
• LED Indicators
• Crystal oscillator
• Reset button.

Software’s used:

• PIC-C compiler for Embedded C programming.
• PIC kit 2 programmer for dumping code into Micro controller.
• Express SCH for Circuit design.

video:

A battery management system (BMS) is proposed which is used for electronic vehicle that manages a rechargeable battery (cell or battery pack), such as by protecting the battery from operating outside its safe operating area, monitoring its state of charging using Machine Learning algorithm to improve the performance of the designed project. Machine learning and IOT; real-time data from multiple sensors can be analyzed simultaneously, providing a comprehensive view of vehicle health and performance. Machine learning (ML) is the study of algorithms and mathematical models that computer systems use to progressively improve their performance on a specific task. Machine learning algorithms build a mathematical model of sample data, known as “training data”, in order to make predictions or decisions without being explicitly programmed to perform the task.

The Raspberry Pi  measure the SOC (State-of-Charge) from voltage and current sensors and based on that it will switch ON/OFF the relays for Battery charging. Here relay works as a switch to ON/OFF the charging connection. And also, it will display the voltage, current, temperature, SOC values on LCD module. It will activate the Buzzer if the sensor data exceed threshold value. Raspberry pi has an inbuilt WI-FI, which is used to upload the Battery parameters such as voltage, current, temperature and SOC values into the Thingspeak cloud along with date and time.

The major building blocks of this project are:

• Adapter power supply.
• Raspberry pi.
• Temperature sensor.
• Voltage sensor.
• Current sensor.
• Buzzer.
• Li-Ion Battery pack.
• Cooling fan.
• Relay.
• Charging Circuit.
• LCD display.
• LED Indicators

Software’s used in the project:

1. Embedded Linux OS.
2. Python language.
3. Express SCH for Circuit design.
4. Machine learning (ML).
5. Thingspeak cloud technology.

video:

This system monitor the speed, current, voltage and temperature of AC motor and update this values into the thing speak cloud through esp8266 Wi-Fi module and display this values on LCD while running. In this we can control the motor speed in two levels using regulator. We can monitor the current and voltage readings of motor using sensor. IR SENSOR is uses to measuring the speed (RPS) of motor which is attached near by the motor shaft. LM35 temperature sensor is uses to measure the temperature of the motor.

ThingSpeak is an open-source Internet of Things (IoT) application and API to store and retrieve data from things using the HTTP protocol over the Internet or via a Local Area Network. This IoT device monitors the motor readings like voltage, current temperature and speed and updates them into an IoT thigspeak cloud platform. We can increase the monitoring techniques by making use of advanced technology.

The project makes a use of arduino nano Microcontroller; it is a main controlling device of the project. To perform the task, Microcontroller is loaded with an intelligent program written in embedded ‘C’ language.

The main objectives of the project are:

1. Monitoring of speed, temperature, current and voltage of AC MOTOR.
2. Display the motor readings on LCD display.
3. IR sensor based RPM detection.
4. Using IOT technology to upload the motor reading into the thingspeak cloud.
5. LM35 sensor based temperature detection.

The major building blocks of the project are:

1. Regulated Power Supply.
2. Arduino nano microcontroller.
3. AC motor.
4. Current sensor.
5. Lm35 temperature sensor.
6. IR sensor.
7. ESP8266 WI-FI module.
8. LCD display.
9. Regulator.

Software’s used:

1. Arduino IDE for compiling and dumping code into controller
2. Express SCH for Circuit design.
3. Embedded C language.

Regulated Power Supply:

Block diagram: