It uses an LDR, IR sensor combination to control and guarantee the desired system parameters; the information is transferred point by point using ZigBee transmitters and receivers and is sent to a control terminal (PC) used to check the state of the street lamps and to take appropriate measures in case of failure. If the system detects street light failure it will send the alert SMS to the respective authority through GSM.

If the street light is not stopped after the night, the loss will continue throughout the day. And also, the street light is not necessary when there are no human movements in the street. So, to come out of these disadvantages is introducing a ZIGBEE based street lighting system.

An application will be created for this particular system and by using this application the street light can be operated wirelessly by using ZIGBEE. Whenever the human movements will be occurred beyond the street light then the light will be automatically controlled. After the sunlight has been reduced in the street then the Street light will glow by using a light sensor. By using this project wastage of electricity will be reduced and human effect also reduced.

LDRs or Light Dependent Resistors are very useful especially in light/dark sensor circuits. Normally the resistance of an LDR is very high, sometimes as high as 1,000,000 ohms, but when they are illuminated with light, the resistance drops dramatically.

Thus in this project, LDR plays an important role in switching on the lights based on the intensity of light i.e., if the intensity of light is more (during daytime) the lights will be in off condition. And if the intensity of light is less (during nights), the lights will be switched ON.

Main features of this project:

1. Wastage of electricity will be reduced.
2. Human effect also reduced.

Major blocks present in this system:

1. Regulated power supply.
2. PIC Micro controller.
3. IR Sensors.
4. LDR Sensors.
5. LCD display.
6. Street Lights.
7. Zigbee tx,rx.
8. GSM.
9. PC.

Software’s used:

1. PIC-C compiler for Embedded C programming.
2. PIC kit 2 programmer for dumping code into Micro controller.
3. Express SCH for Circuit design.

Regulated power supply:

Block Diagram:

video:

The main objectives of this project:

• To design and develop a dual-axis solar tracking system for maximum solar energy capture.
• To increase the efficiency of solar power generation compared to fixed solar panels.
• To automatically track the sun’s movement using LDR sensors and servo motors.
• To control the solar panel movement using Arduino Uno microcontroller.
• To achieve continuous and accurate solar tracking in both horizontal and vertical directions.
• To reduce energy wastage and improve renewable energy utilization.
• To provide an eco-friendly and cost-effective solution for rural electrification.
• To implement real-time automated operation using RTC interfacing.
• To improve battery charging and overall system performance in solar applications.
• To promote the use of renewable energy systems for sustainable development.

The Major Building Blocks of This Project are:

1. Regulated Power supply.
2. Arduino UNO.
3. Sun light Sensor to sense the sun direction.
4. Motorized mechanism to control the position of solar panel.
5. Servo motors
6. RTC clock
7. LED indicator.

Software’s used:

1. ARDUINO IDE STUDIO compiler for Embedded C programming.
2. Express SCH for Circuit design.

Regulated power supply:

Block Diagram:

video:

Objectives:

  To automatically switch vehicle headlights using an LDR.

  To control headlight brightness based on light conditions.

  To use Arduino Uno for system control.

  To provide Auto and Manual mode selection.

  To operate headlights only when ignition is ON.

  To improve safety and reduce power usage.

The major building blocks of this project are:

• Battery power supply.
• Arduino UNO Micro controller
• LDR.
• Auto/Manual Switch.
• Key.
• High power LEDs with transistor.
• Vehicle.

Software’s used:

• Embedded C programming.
• Arduino IDE studio for dumping code into Micro controller.
• Express SCH for Circuit design.

video:

Features of this project:

• Ultrasonic sensor based obstacle detection and voice alerting system.
• Steps detection and alerting.
• LDR based automatic light control.
• Water sensor based voice alerting system.
• Fire detection and alerting through Buzzer.
• Design a voice assist for blind person.
• Audible alerts using Buzzer.
• To achieve this task using PIC Microcontroller.

The major building blocks of this project are:

• Regulated Power Supply.
• PIC Microcontroller.
• Ultrasonic Sensors.
• Moisture Sensor.
• Fire sensor.
• Buzzer
• Headset
• LDR
• LED Lamp.
• KY-027.
• Solar Panel.
• GSM
• Emergency Button.
• Reset Button.
• Crystal oscillator.
• LED indicators.

Software’s used:

• PIC-C compiler for Embedded C programming.
• PIC kit 2 programmer for dumping code into Micro controller.
• Express SCH for Circuit design.

Regulated Power Supply:

BLOCK DIAGRAM:

video:

Automation is the most frequently spelled term in the field of electronics. The hunger for automation brought many revolutions in the existing technologies. The home automation techniques employed must be economic and simple to use. By analyzing all these, this advanced home automation is proposed.

The device consists of a microcontroller, which is interfaced with the input and output modules, the controller acts as an intermediate medium between both of them. So, the controller can be termed as a control unit. The Microcontroller accepts input from different modules and processes the data and acts accordingly on the output modules. The Microcontroller is loaded with an intelligent program written using embedded ‘C’ language.

Features:

1. Maintaining temperature in the room according to user wish.
2. Alerts regarding smoke.
3. Alerts regarding thieves.
4. Automated outside lighting depending on the outside light.
5. Automated inside lighting through door switch.
6. Provision for switching OFF inside lighting.
7. Provision for enabling or disabling security.
8. Provision for disabling smoke alerts
9. Auto switching OFF of all systems during security alert.
10. Buzzer based alerts.
11. LCD display to show different operations.

The major building blocks of this project are:

1. Regulated power supply.
2. PIC Microcontroller.
3. Relays with driver.
4. Buzzer with driver.
5. Fan.
6. LCD with driver.
7. Temperature sensor.
8. Potentiometer.
9. Smoke sensor.
10. LDR (Light Dependent Resistor).
11. Switch.
12. IR module
13. Crystal
14. LED indicators.

Software’s used: 

1. PIC-C compiler for Embedded C programming.
2. PIC kit 2 programmer for dumping code into Micro controller.
3.  Express SCH for Circuit design.

Regulated Power Supply:

Block diagram:

video:

Now a day’s technology is running with time, it completely occupied the life style of human beings. It is being used everywhere in our daily life to fulfil our requirements. We can not only increase the speed of life but also increase security with good ideas by making use of advanced technology.

In our project we use high power LED’s as head light for the vehicle, One LDR detects the intensity of surrounding light, particularly fog, while the other LDR detects the headlights of oncoming vehicles. When high-intensity light from an opposite vehicle is detected, the microcontroller reduces the headlight brightness to minimize glare, enhancing safety. high power LED’s as a source of head light. LDR is a special type of resistance whose value depends on the brightness of the light, which is falling on it. It has resistance of about 1 mega ohm when in total darkness, but a resistance of only about 5k ohms when brightness illuminated. It responds to a large part of light spectrum.

The controlling device of the whole system for the vehicle is an Arduino UNO Microcontroller to which LDR sensor module, High power LED is interfaced to the Arduino UNO microcontroller. When two vehicles oppose each other, the intensity of head lights falls on the LDR sensor and automatically the intensity will be reduced. This system avoids accidents due to high intensity head lights of the vehicles. Ultrasonic sensor is used to detect the obstacle and activate the Buzzer for alerts and also stop the vehicle automatically.

Features:

1. LDR sensor-based head light intensity detection and control.
2. Ultrasonic sensor-based obstacle detection and alerting system.

The major building blocks of this project are:-

1. Battery power supply.
2. 2 LDR sensors.
3. High power LED’s with driver.
4. Ultrasonic sensor.
5. Arduino UNO Microcontroller.
6. DC motor with L293D motor driver.
7. Buzzer.

Software’s used:

1. Embedded C programming.
2. Arduino IDE programmer for dumping code into Micro controller.
3. Express SCH for Circuit design.

Block diagram:

video:

The power-supply circuit is a conventional full wave rectifier-filter circuit. Any alarm unit that operates on 230V AC can be connected at the output. The receiver unit comprises identical step-down transformers LDR, a transistor, and a few other passive components. When the LASER rays cut by the thieves the LDR will get difference and it will activate the Alarm with helm of transistors.

The major features of this project are:

1. Light sensing using LASER and LDR.
2. Alerting regarding thieves through buzzer.

The project provides learning’s on the following advancements:

1. Characteristics of LDR sensor.
2. Conversion of AC supply to DC supply.
3. Transistor working principle.
4. Need for drivers.
5. PCB design.

The major building blocks of this project are:

1. Regulated Power Supply.
2. Receiving circuit.
3. LDR sensor.
4. Buzzer with driver.

Software’s used:

1. PIC-C compiler for Embedded C programming.
2. PIC kit 2 programmer for dumping code into Micro controller.
3. Express SCH for Circuit design.

Regulated Power Supply:

Block Diagram:

video:

The power-supply circuit is a conventional full wave rectifier-filter circuit. Any alarm unit that operates on 230V AC can be connected at the output. The receiver unit comprises identical step-down transformers LDR, a transistor, and a few other passive components. When the LASER rays cut by the thieves the LDR will get difference and it will activate the Alarm with helm of transistors.

The major features of this project are:

1. Light sensing using LASER and LDR.
2. Alerting regarding thieves through buzzer.

The project provides learning’s on the following advancements:

1. Characteristics of LDR sensor.
2. Conversion of AC supply to DC supply.
3. Transistor working principle.
4. Need for drivers.
5. PCB design.

The major building blocks of this project are:

1. Regulated Power Supply.
2. Receiving circuit.
3. LDR sensor.
4. Buzzer with driver.

Regulated Power Supply:

Block Diagram:

video:

The core of the system is an Arduino UNO microcontroller, which manages the energy distribution and controls the street lights based on ambient light conditions. An LDR (Light Dependent Resistor) is used to detect the surrounding light levels, triggering the automatic activation or deactivation of the street lights. The status of the system and its performance are displayed on an LCD display, providing real-time feedback.

Additionally, a switch is incorporated for manual control and system maintenance. This project not only aims to demonstrate a practical application of energy harvesting but also to enhance street lighting efficiency by adapting to varying environmental conditions. The integration of these components results in a system that is both energy-efficient and responsive to real-time changes, contributing to the broader goal of smart city development.

The major building blocks of this project are:

1. Piezo sensors.
2. Arduino UNO.
3. LCD Display.
4. Charging circuit.
5. Rechargeable battery.
6. Switch.
7. Street lights.
8. LDR.

Block Diagram:

video: