The system is built around an Arduino Nano microcontroller, which continuously monitors four flame sensors positioned on all sides of the robot for 360-degree fire detection. In Auto Mode, the robot automatically moves toward the detected fire using DC motors driven by an L298 motor driver. A servo motor adjusts the direction of the water nozzle, and a relay-controlled DC water pump sprays water to extinguish the fire. Once the fire is extinguished, the robot resumes monitoring for further fire incidents.

In Manual Mode, the robot is controlled through a web interface, enabling the user to move the robot, switch between Auto and Manual modes, control the water pump, and operate additional functions remotely. An ESP32-CAM module provides real-time live video streaming, allowing the operator to monitor the environment and accurately navigate the robot in hazardous areas. The system is powered by a rechargeable battery with an LM2596 voltage regulator to provide stable power to all modules.

The proposed robot offers a cost-effective, reliable, and intelligent fire safety solution by combining autonomous fire detection, wireless remote control, and live video surveillance. It is suitable for applications in homes, offices, warehouses, laboratories, industrial plants, and other hazardous environments where quick fire detection and response are essential.

Objectives:

• To design and develop an intelligent fire-fighting robot capable of detecting and extinguishing fire automatically.
• To implement Auto and Manual operation modes for flexible robot control.
• To detect fire from all directions using four flame sensors for faster response.
• To provide live video surveillance using the ESP32-CAM for real-time remote monitoring.
• To enable wireless robot control through a web-based interface.
• To control the movement of the robot using DC motors driven by an L298 motor driver.
• To operate a servo-controlled water nozzle for accurate water spraying.
• To activate a DC water pump automatically or manually for fire extinguishing.
• To develop a compact, low-cost, and reliable fire safety system for homes, industries, offices, and hazardous environments.
• To improve firefighter safety by allowing remote operation in dangerous fire situations.

THE MAJOR BUILDING BLOCKS FOR THIS PROJECT:

1. Battery power supply.
2. LM2596.
3. ESP32 CAM.
4. Arduino NANO.
5. Relay.
6. DC Water motor.
7. Four Flame sensors.
8. Servo motor.

Software’s used:

1. Embedded C programming.
2. Arduino IDE for dumping code into Micro controller.
3. Express SCH for Circuit design.
4. WEB Technology.

video:

In this system, an RF transmitter module is connected to a fire sensor placed in a room or remote location to detect fire conditions. The detected fire information is transmitted wirelessly through RF communication to the RF receiver module mounted on the robot, the system sends fire alert information to the user remotely. The microcontroller continuously monitors all sensor inputs and performs the required operations automatically. The complete system is programmed using Embedded C language, providing an efficient and intelligent solution for remote fire detection, monitoring, and extinguishing applications.

OBJECTIVES

1. Develop a robot with wireless remote control for real-time monitoring.
2. Integrate fire sensors to detect and respond to fire hazards.
3. Enable automatic water sprinkling upon fire detection.
4. Utilize an ESP32-CAM module for remote status updates.
5. Implement microcontroller-based control using Embedded C.
6. Enhance safety in military, industrial, and automobile applications.

THE MAJOR BUILDING BLOCKS FOR THIS PROJECT:

1. Battery.
2. FIRE sensor.
3. Arduino nano.
4. ESP-32 cam.
5. RF transmitter, receiver.
6. L293d
7. DC motors
8. Battery
9. Relay
10. Servo motors
11. Water sprinkler.

Software’s used:

1. Embedded C programming.
2. Arduino IDE programmer for dumping code into Micro controller.
3. Express SCH for Circuit design.

BLOCK DIAGRAM:

video:

This project makes use of four fire sensors which we place the four sides of the robot to detect the fire. Water motor long with relay is uses to spray the water if the sensor detects the fire. Here relay works as a switch to ON/OFF the water motor. DC motors long with l293d motor is uses to moves the robot.

The Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328. It has 14 digital input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz ceramic resonator, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header, and a reset button. It contains everything needed to support the microcontroller; simply connect it to a computer with a USB cable or power it with an AC-to-DC adapter or battery to get started.

The controlling device of the robot system is Arduino UNO Microcontroller. Microcontroller reads the data from fire sensors and decides the direction and operates the DC motors connected to it accordingly. The system also controls the fire extinguisher when the fire was detected, this robot will move towards the fire and spray the water to stop the fire. To perform this intelligent task, Microcontroller is loaded with a program written in embedded ‘C’ language.

Features

1. Automatically detects fire using multiple fire sensors.
2. Moves in all four directions using DC motors.
3. Sprays water automatically when fire is detected.
4. Arduino Uno controls robot movement and fire detection.
5. Relay module used to switch the water pump ON/OFF.
6. L293D motor driver controls the DC motors efficiently.
7. Fully automatic firefighting operation without manual control.
8. Helps reduce fire accidents and improve safety.

The major building blocks of this project are:

• Battery power supply.
• ARDUINO UNO Micro controller.
• Four Fire sensors.
• DC motor along with L298 driver.
• Water motor.
• Relay.
• LM2596 module.

Software’s used:

• Embedded C program.
• ARDUINO IDE studio.

Block Diagram:

video:

In autonomous mode, the robot navigates independently using a 360° LiDAR sensor, which provides real-time obstacle detection and supports simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) for safe and efficient movement. When fire is detected by the fire sensor, the robot automatically approaches the fire source while avoiding obstacles and activates the water sprayer through a relay-controlled pumping mechanism to extinguish the fire. The motor movement is controlled using an L298N motor driver interfaced with four DC motors.

In manual mode, the system allows user control through a web-based interface hosted on the Raspberry Pi. The interface provides live video streaming from a Pi Camera, directional navigation controls, mode switching, and manual control of the fire extinguishing system. The entire system is powered by a battery supply, enabling standalone operation without external network dependency. This low-cost, intelligent fire extinguisher robot enhances safety by reducing human intervention and provides an effective solution for real-time fire detection and suppression in hazardous environments.

Objectives:

• To design an autonomous fire extinguisher robot using Raspberry Pi Zero 2W.
• To implement LiDAR-based obstacle detection and environment mapping.
• To enable autonomous navigation using SLAM techniques.
• To provide manual control through a web-based interface with live video streaming.
• To control robot movement using DC motors and an L298N motor driver.
• To activate a water-based fire suppression system using a relay module.
• To ensure reliable operation using battery power without network dependency.
• To develop a low-cost and efficient indoor fire safety solution.

Components Used:

• Battery power.
• Raspberry pi zero 2w.
• Pi camera.
• SD card.
• L298N Motor driver.
• 4-DC motors.
• 360° LiDAR sensor
• Relay along with water sprayer.
• Fire sensor.

Software’s used:

• Raspbian OS.
• WEB Technology.
• Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM)
• Python Language.
• Express SCH for circuit designing.

Block diagram:

video:

This project makes use of four fire sensors which we place the four sides of the robot to detect the fire. Water motor long with relay is uses to spray the water if the sensor detects the fire. Here relay works as a switch to ON/OFF the water motor. DC motors long with l293d motor is uses to moves the robot.

The Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328. It has 14 digital input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz ceramic resonator, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header, and a reset button. It contains everything needed to support the microcontroller; simply connect it to a computer with a USB cable or power it with an AC-to-DC adapter or battery to get started.

The controlling device of the robot system is Arduino UNO Microcontroller. Microcontroller reads the data from fire sensors and decides the direction and operates the DC motors connected to it accordingly. The system also controls the fire extinguisher when the fire was detected, this robot will move towards the fire and spray the water to stop the fire. To perform this intelligent task, Microcontroller is loaded with a program written in embedded ‘C’ language.

The major building blocks of this project are:

• Battery power supply.
• ARDUINO Micro controller.
• Fire sensors.
• DC motor along with L298 driver.
• Water motor.
• Relay.
• Lm2596 module.

Software’s used:

• Embedded C program.
• ARDUINO IDE studio.

Block Diagram:

video: