A battery management system (BMS) is proposed which is used for electronic vehicle that manages a rechargeable battery (cell or battery pack), such as by protecting the battery from operating outside its safe operating area, monitoring its state of charging using Machine Learning algorithm to improve the performance of the designed project. Machine learning and IOT; real-time data from multiple sensors can be analyzed simultaneously, providing a comprehensive view of vehicle health and performance. Machine learning (ML) is the study of algorithms and mathematical models that computer systems use to progressively improve their performance on a specific task. Machine learning algorithms build a mathematical model of sample data, known as “training data”, in order to make predictions or decisions without being explicitly programmed to perform the task.

The Raspberry Pi  measure the SOC (State-of-Charge) from voltage and current sensors and based on that it will switch ON/OFF the relays for Battery charging. Here relay works as a switch to ON/OFF the charging connection. And also, it will display the voltage, current, temperature, SOC values on LCD module. It will activate the Buzzer if the sensor data exceed threshold value. Raspberry pi has an inbuilt WI-FI, which is used to upload the Battery parameters such as voltage, current, temperature and SOC values into the Thingspeak cloud along with date and time.

The major building blocks of this project are:

• Adapter power supply.
• Raspberry pi.
• Temperature sensor.
• Voltage sensor.
• Current sensor.
• Buzzer.
• Li-Ion Battery pack.
• Cooling fan.
• Relay.
• Charging Circuit.
• LCD display.
• LED Indicators

Software’s used in the project:

1. Embedded Linux OS.
2. Python language.
3. Express SCH for Circuit design.
4. Machine learning (ML).
5. Thingspeak cloud technology.

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The project makes a use of Arduino UNO microcontroller the main controlling device of the project. MQ-135 sensor is used to measure nitrogen dioxide gas and MQ-7 is used to measure thecarbon monoxide (CO) gas in air. If the system detects harmful gasses, it can switch ONthe exhaust fan and buzzer.The status of the project will display on LCD module.

The Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328. It has 14 digital input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz ceramic resonator, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header, and a reset button. It contains everything needed to support the microcontroller; simply connect it to a computer with a USB cable or power it with an AC-to-DC adapter or battery to get started.

The main controlling device of the project is Arduino UNO microcontroller. Mq135 sensor,MQ-7 sensor, Buzzer, LCD display and exhaust fan is interfaced to the Arduino. Arduino will continuously read the data from sensors; when the sensorsdetect the CO&nitrogen dioxide,it will activate the buzzer for alerts and switches ON the exhaust fan also display the status on LCD.To achieve this task microcontroller loaded program written in embedded C language.

The features of the project are:

• Air pollution monitoring.
• Monitoring sensor data on LCD.
• Audible alerts using Buzzer.
• Visible alerts using LCD display.

The main blocks of this project are:

• Power Supply.
• Arduino UNO.
• MQ135 sensor.
• MQ-7 sensor.
• Buzzer
• LCD display. 
• Exhaust fan.

Software’s used:

• Arduino IDE for Embedded C programming.
• Express SCH for Circuit design.

Block diagram of the project:

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The main controlling device of the whole system is an arduino nano Microcontroller. Eye blink sensor and Buzzer and RF transmitter are connected to Microcontroller. This sensor data continuously monitors by the Arduino nano microcontroller. If the sensor detects drowsiness it will process to the microcontroller, then microcontroller active the Buzzer and transmits this to the vehicle section through RF transmitter. This data received by RF receiver and stop the vehicle ignition automatically.  To perform the task, Microcontroller is loaded with an intelligent program written in embedded ‘C’ language.

The main objectives of the project are:

• Automatic drowsiness detection using eye blink sensor.
• Automatic vehicle ignition control system.
• Using wireless RF technology.
• Audible alerts using buzzer.
• To achieve this task using Arduino nano microcontroller.

The main blocks of this project are:

• 9v Battery power.
• Arduino nano microcontroller.
• Eye Blink sensor.
• RF transmitter and RF receiver modules.
• Encoder and Decoder.
• DC Motor

Software’s used:

1. Embedded C programming.
2. Arduino IDE Studio for dumping code into Micro controller.
3. Express SCH for Circuit design.

Block diagram:

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This system uses Ultrasonic sensor which is used to detect the human presents near by the table and based on that Arduino switches on/off the light, fan through relay. Here relay works as a switch to on/off the devices.

The Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328. It has 14 digital input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz ceramic resonator, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header, and a reset button. It contains everything needed to support the microcontroller; simply connect it to a computer with a USB cable or power it with an AC-to-DC adapter or battery to get started.

The main controlling device of the project is Arduino UNO microcontroller. Ultrasonic sensor, keypad, relay through light, fan and LCD display is interfaced to the Arduino. Arduino continuously read the data from sensor, keypad .Based on that Arduino take the appropriate action up on the system and process this data to the NodeMCU microcontroller it has inbuilt Wi-Fi to send the notification into the blynk app.

The features of the project are:

• Designed a E-Restaurant and menu ordering system using IOT.
• Using KEYPAD to select the food items.
• Using ultrasonic sensor to detects the person near by the table.
• Automatic device switching based on human presents.
• Using NodeMCU module to send the data into the blynkapp.
• Automatic intimation to the responder about table number, items quantity,customer order.
• Visible alerts using LCD display.
• Using Arduino, NodeMCU modules to achieve this task.

Software’s used:

• Arduino IDE for compiling and dumping code into Microcontrollers.
• Express SCH for Circuit design.

The main blocks of this project are:

• Power Supply.
• Arduino UNO.
• NodeMCU
• Ultrasonic sensor.
• Keypad
• Relay
• LCD display.
• Lights
• Fan
• Blynkapp

Block diagram of the project:

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In daily production and life, we often need to know the temperature and humidity value of the certain place If we use cable to transmit data, it will cost a lot, but the wireless communication costs less, it establishes a connection between the buildings in a very short time, and error rate is quite low. Therefore, in the environment which cable can’t be used, the wireless communication is more practical. And if the receiver is made into hand-held, the flexibility will increase greatly.

The whole controller of the project is Arduino microcontroller. In this project DHT11, Wi-Fi module, light, fan and relay are interfaced to microcontroller. Here, temperature and humidity are monitored and controlled using Android mobile. The data of DHT11 is send to android mobile through Wi-Fi module. The controlling of parameters is done using some devices to be ON/OFF from Android mobile. If Temperature is high the DC fan is ON through relay to reduce temperature. If humidity is low the light is ON through relay to decrease moisture level.

The major building blocks of the project:

1. Arduino microcontroller
2. RPS
3. DHT11 sensor
4. Relay
5. Light
6. Fan
7. Wi-Fi module
8. Android mobile

Software’s used:

1. Arduino IDE studio compiler for dumping program.
2. Express SCH for Circuit design.

Regulated Power Supply:

Block diagram:

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Accelerometer is an electromechanical device that measures acceleration forces. These forces may be static, like the constant force of gravity pulling at our feet, or they could be dynamic – caused by moving or vibrating the accelerometer. MEMS accelerometers are one of the simplest but also most applicable micro-electromechanical systems. They became indispensable in automobile industry, computer and audio-video technology.

This project makes use of a Relay switch for switching the devices. The Microcontroller decides which device to be operated from the input it gets through the body gestures (MEMS Accelerometer sensor). The Microcontroller is loaded with an intelligent program written using embedded ‘C’ language.

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The main objectives of the project are:

1. Simple hand gestures movement-based operation.
2. Hand Gestures movement-based device switching.

The major building blocks of this project are:

1. Regulated power supply.
2. PIC Microcontrollers.
3. Crystal
4. MEMS accelerometer.
5. Reset Button.
6. RF transmitter and receiver.
7. Encoder and Decoder.
8. LED Indicators

Software’s used:

• PIC-C compiler for Embedded C programming.
• PIC kit 2 programmer for dumping code into Micro controller.

3. Express SCH for Circuit design.

Regulated Power Supply:

Block diagram:

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