This system is built around an ESP32 microcontroller that continuously collects and processes data from multiple onboard sensors. An MPU6050 gyroscope monitors ship tilt and orientation across the X, Y, and Z axes to ensure stability during operation. A load cell measures weight variations to detect imbalance or overload conditions, while an ultrasonic sensor (SR04) identifies nearby obstacles to prevent collisions and ensure safe navigation.

The ship’s propulsion is controlled using dual DC motors driven by an L298 motor driver, enabling directional movement via a web-based interface. Additionally, an oil spill collection mechanism is integrated using a belt-driven DC motor controlled through a MOSFET switching circuit. This allows remote activation of the oil collection belt to gather surface oil contaminants efficiently.

All critical parameters — including ship orientation, obstacle distance, load weight, propulsion movement, and oil belt status — are transmitted in real time to a web dashboard via ESP32 Wi-Fi connectivity. This enables remote monitoring and control of ship navigation and pollution management systems from any location.

Powered by a Li-ion battery system, the proposed design promotes sustainable marine operations by combining smart navigation safety with environmental cleanup functionality. The system provides a low-cost, scalable solution for future autonomous marine vessels focused on both operational safety and ecological preservation.

Objectives:

 To monitor ship stability in real-time:
Using the MPU6050 gyroscope to measure tilt and orientation along X, Y, and Z axes to prevent imbalance and ensure safe navigation.

 To detect obstacles and avoid collisions:
By integrating an ultrasonic sensor (SR04) to measure the distance of nearby objects in the ship’s path.

 To measure onboard load conditions:
Using a load cell to monitor weight distribution and detect overload or imbalance situations.

 To enable remote ship navigation:
Controlling propulsion motors through a web-based interface using ESP32 Wi-Fi connectivity.

 To integrate an automated oil spill collection system:
Operating a belt-driven oil collector using a MOSFET-controlled DC motor.

 To provide real-time web monitoring:
Displaying ship tilt (XYZ axis), obstacle distance, load weight, movement status, and oil belt operation on a live dashboard.

 To enhance marine safety:
By continuously monitoring ship movement and environmental conditions.

 To support environmental protection:
Through efficient detection and collection of oil spills from water surfaces.

 To develop a smart and energy-efficient system:
Powered by a Li-ion battery for sustainable marine operations.

 To create a low-cost IoT-based smart ship model:
That combines safety monitoring with pollution control.

The major building blocks of this project are:

• Li-ion Battery Power supply.
• ESP32.
• Ultrasonic sensor.
• Mpu6050 Gyro scope.
• Load cell.
• DC Motors with L298.
• DC motor for belt movement.

Software’s used:

• ARDUINO IDE.
• Embedded C language.
• WEB Technology.

Block Diagram:

video:

The robot section is controlled by a microcontroller interfaced with DC motors driven by an L298N motor driver for movement. An ESP32-CAM module provides real-time live video streaming, enabling remote visual monitoring through a mobile device. LoRa technology is used for long-range, low-power wireless communication between the robot unit and the remote-control section, where delivery status and alerts are displayed on an LCD.

To enhance security, a vibration sensor detects unauthorized handling or theft attempts or battery voltage goes low immediately triggering a buzzer alert and sending warning messages to the remote unit. An ultrasonic sensor detects obstacles, and upon detection, the microcontroller activates blue alert lights to ensure safe navigation. Battery voltage and current are continuously monitored to provide low-battery alerts.

At the destination, access to the parcel compartment is protected using a password-based locking system. A 4×4 keypad mounted on the robot allows the user to enter the password. If the correct password is entered, the solenoid lock opens for a predefined duration and closes automatically afterward. Multiple incorrect password attempts trigger an alert to prevent unauthorized access.

Overall, the proposed system provides a secure, intelligent, and remotely monitored delivery solution suitable for food delivery, courier services, and e-commerce applications, combining live streaming, theft detection, obstacle avoidance, and secure access control in a single robotic platform.

The objectives of the project include:

1. To design an RC-based delivery robot for food and e-commerce applications.
2. To enable long-range wireless control and alert communication using LoRa.
3. To provide live video monitoring using the ESP32-CAM.
4. To implement theft detection and security using sensors and alerts.
5. To ensure secure parcel delivery through a password-protected locking system.
6. To detect obstacles and provide alert indications for safe navigation.
7. To monitor battery status and display system information on an LCD.

The major building blocks of this project are:

• Rechargeable battery.
• ESP32 Camera.
• Arduino Nano.
• DC Motors with L293D driver.
• Blue light.
• Head light.
• Ultrasonic sensor.
• DC motor with l298 driver.
• Buzzer.
• Keypad.
• PIC Microcontroller.
• LCD display.
• Voltage &Current sensor.
• Solenoid Lock.
• Vibration sensor.
• Relay.
• LoRa Modules.

Software’s used:

1. Arduino IDE for compiling and dumping code into ESP32 Camera and Arduino NANO.
2. PIC-C compiler for Embedded C programming.
3. PIC kit 2 programmer for dumping code into PIC Micro controller.
4. Express SCH for Circuit design.

video:

In this work, the purpose, functions, and topologies of BMS are discussed in detail. Additionally, early battery models, along with hardware and system designs for BMS, are reviewed in the literature. An improved battery model is introduced, and simulation results are presented to validate its performance. Finally, a novel BMS hardware system is designed, and experimental results are discussed. Possible improvements for both battery models and BMS hardware are outlined in the conclusions and future work section.

A Battery Management System (BMS) is proposed for electric vehicles, designed to manage Li-ion battery packs by ensuring safe operation and monitoring their status using an ESP32 microcontroller.

The ESP32 serves as the central controller of the system. Integrated modules include a temperature sensor, Li-ion battery pack with relay, charger, and an OLED display. When any of the Li-ion battery packs are drained, the system automatically activates the charger via the relay, and the voltage levels of each battery pack are displayed on the OLED. The system continuously monitors the temperature, and if it exceeds a predefined threshold, the ESP32 activates a buzzer to issue an alert.

The ESP32 measures voltage from the sensors and, based on the readings, switches the relay to control the charging process. The relay functions as a switch to enable or disable the charging connection as needed, ensuring the safe and efficient operation of the Li-ion battery packs.

The major building blocks of this project are:

• Regulated power supply
• ESP-32.
• Temperature sensor.
• Voltage sensor.
• Buzzer.
• Battery pack
• Relay.
• Charging Circuit.
• OLED.
• LED Indicators
• Crystal oscillator
• Reset button.

Software’s used:

• Arduino IDE for dumping code into Micro controller.
• Express SCH for Circuit design.
• Embedded C programming.

video:

When a rapid increase or abnormal change in humidity is detected beyond the predefined threshold, the ESP32 microcontroller immediately activates the HEPA filter system through Relay. Air is forced through the HEPA filter, where excess moisture particles are absorbed, improving air circulation and reducing dampness inside the wardrobe. If the humidity level remains high or additional moisture is detected even after filtration, the system automatically activates a DC heating element through a relay. The heating element helps in further moisture absorption by increasing the air temperature, thereby accelerating the drying process.

The system also monitors the operational status of the air filtration unit. In case of any malfunction or abnormal environmental condition, the ESP32 sends web-based alert notifications to the user, ensuring timely intervention. To maintain freshness, a relay-controlled fragrance spray mechanism is included, with the spray interval adjustable using a potentiometer (POT).

An LCD display provides real-time information such as temperature, humidity values, system modes, and actuator status. The entire setup is powered by a rechargeable battery with an integrated charging circuit, ensuring portability and uninterrupted operation.

Overall, the Smart Wardrobe Dehumidifier provides an efficient, automated, and intelligent solution to prevent mold formation, control excess moisture, eliminate odors, and maintain hygiene by combining sensor-based automation, HEPA filtration, controlled heating, and IoT-based alert mechanisms.

 To continuously monitor the humidity and temperature inside the wardrobe using sensors.

 To detect rapid changes in humidity and prevent moisture accumulation.

 To automatically control the HEPA filter for air circulation and moisture absorption.

 To activate a DC heating element when excess moisture is not reduced by filtration.

 To prevent mold growth, dampness, and bad odor in stored clothes.

 To provide real-time display of sensor values and system status on an LCD.

 To generate alerts during abnormal environmental conditions or system failure.

 To maintain freshness inside the wardrobe using an automatic fragrance system.

 To design an energy-efficient, portable, and user-friendly dehumidification system.

The main building blocks of the project are:

• Charging circuit.
• Battery power supply.
• ESP32
• DHT11(temperature and humidity) sensor.
• Relay along with HEPA filter.
• Relay along with DC heating element.
• POT (potentiometer).
• LCD display.
• Relay along with Fragrance sprayer.

Software’s used:

• Arduino IDE studio compiler to write the program.
• Express SCH for Circuit design.
• IoT technology.

Block Diagram:

video:

The proposed system continuously monitors critical battery parameters such as voltage, current, temperature, state of charge (SOC), and state of health (SOH) using appropriate sensors. The ESP32 microcontroller, with built-in Wi-Fi capability, processes the sensor data and displays real-time values on an LCD while simultaneously uploading the data to the ThingSpeak cloud platform for remote monitoring. A dual-mode charging strategy is implemented using fast and slow charging relays, which are automatically selected based on battery voltage levels to enhance battery life and safety.

Thermal protection is provided through an LM35 temperature sensor, which activates a cooling fan and buzzer alert when the temperature exceeds predefined limits. A DC motor is used to emulate vehicle operation during battery discharge. The proposed BMS effectively prevents overcharging, over-discharging, and overheating conditions, thereby improving battery safety, reliability, and lifespan. This system demonstrates a cost-effective and scalable solution suitable for modern electric vehicle applications and smart energy management systems.

The major building blocks of this project are:

• Regulated power supply
• ESP32 Microcontroller.
• Temperature sensor.
• Voltage sensor.
• Current Sensor.
• Buzzer
• Li-ion Battery pack
• Relays
• Charging Circuit.
• LCD display.
• LED Indicators.
• DC fan.
• TWO push buttons.

Software’s used:

• Embedded C programming.
• Arduino UNO for dumping code into Micro controller.
• Express SCH for Circuit design.

Block diagram:

video:

The main aim of the project is to design a IoT-based stress analysis system using esp32 and sensors.

The main controlling device of the project is ESP32. GSR, Heartbeat sensor, temperature sensor, LCD display, Buzzer is interfaced to the esp32 module. We will design a wearable device. All these components are fixed on wrist belt which is used to monitor the stress using sensors. ESP32 module has inbuilt WI-FI so, it will continuously read the data from sensors will be display on LCD and update them into the blynk mobile application.

 The objectives of the project include:

• Monitoring heart rate, temperature using sensors.
• Galvanic Skin Response (GSR) measuring unit of surface resistance skin or conductivity.
• Using Blynk mobile application to upload the sensor data.
• User can access this device from anywhere in the world.
• Using esp32 module to achieve this task.

The main building blocks of the project are:

• Adapter power supply.
• ESP32.
• Heartbeat sensor.
• Temperature sensor.
• GSR sensor.
• LCD display.

Software’s used:

• Arduino ide studio compiler to write the program.
• Express SCH for Circuit design.
• BlynkAPP.

Block Diagram:

 
video: