The proposed system is based on Ohm’s Law, which is used to determine the fault location accurately and cost-effectively. Current sensing circuits consisting of resistor networks are connected to the Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) ports of the Arduino UNO. These circuits provide voltage values corresponding to different cable lengths, enabling the microcontroller to identify the fault location in kilometres.

Faults are created manually at predefined distances along the transmission line model. When a fault occurs, the Arduino processes the sensor data, identifies the fault type and location, and displays the information on the LCD screen. Simultaneously, a buzzer is activated to alert the user. The system also trips the affected phase through a relay, and the corresponding phase status is indicated using bulbs.

The Arduino UNO serves as the main controlling unit, executing a program developed in Embedded C language. The proposed system provides a simple, reliable, fast, and economical solution for transmission line fault detection, helping maintenance personnel quickly identify and rectify faults, thereby improving the reliability of power distribution systems.

Objectives:

• Design a three-phase fault detection system.
• It will detect line-line and line-ground faults.
• Alert fault indication using BUZZER.
• Display the fault type on LCD display.

The main blocks of this project are:

• Adapter power supply.
• Arduino UNO Microcontroller.
• Three-Phase Transmission Line.
• Line-to-Line Fault.
• Line-to-Ground.
• Resistors.
• Relays.
• LCD with driver.
• Buzzer.
• R Y B Bulbs.

Software’s Used:

1. Arduino IDE studio compiler for dumping program.
2. Express SCH for Circuit design.

video:

The setup integrates a solar panel and a wind turbine, each equipped with dedicated charging circuits to safely charge a common rechargeable battery. Real-time monitoring is accomplished using voltage sensors that measure the output from the wind generator, solar panel, and the battery storage. An LDR sensor is used to track sunlight intensity, enabling a single-axis solar tracker mechanism driven by a DC motor via an L293D motor driver, maximizing solar panel efficiency.

The Arduino processes sensor data and displays critical parameters on an LCD display through an LCD driver. The stored energy in the battery is then converted to AC power using an inverter to supply a connected load, demonstrating the system’s ability to serve real-world energy demands.

This dual-source hybrid power system offers a sustainable and reliable energy solution, especially for remote or off-grid areas, where reliance on a single energy source may not be feasible. By combining solar and wind energy, the system ensures power availability in varying weather conditions, maximizing energy utilization while reducing dependency on non-renewable sources.

The main objectives of the project are:

1. Tracking sun direction.
2. Automatic starting the system in the morning from start point.
3. DC motor-controlled movement of solar panel.
4. Monitoring solar, battery parameters and values on LCD module.

The major building blocks of this project are:

• Arduino UNO Micro controller
• Rechargeable battery.
• Charging circuit.
• LED indicators
• Solar cell/plate
• DC motor
• Limit Switches
• LDR sensors.
• Inverter.
• LCD display.
• Voltage sensors.
• Wind.

Software’s used:

1. Arduino IDE for Embedded C programming.
2. Express SCH for Circuit design.

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The controlling device of the whole project is Arduino Nano Microcontroller. These parameters as the input value are fed to the arduino nano and then Arduino upload this parameter values into the thingspeak webpage along with date and time through ESP8266 WI-FI module. To perform the task, Microcontroller is loaded with an intelligent program written in embedded ‘C’ language.

ThingSpeak is an open-source Internet of Things (IoT) application and API to store and retrieve data from things using the HTTP protocol over the Internet or via a Local Area Network. This IoT device could measure the SOLAR parameters. It continuously monitors the data and updates them to an IoT platform. We can increase the monitoring techniques by making use of advanced technology. In this project we are making use of technology to sense solar energy efficiency using light sensor and voltage sensors so that efficient services can be provided to the solar systems. The system provides SMS alerts using GSM modem to the predefined number under abnormal conditions of the sunlight intensity.

The main objectives of the project are:

1. Monitoring of solar parameters values into the thingspeak cloud.
2. Wireless monitoring using IOT technology.
3. Solar energy is obtained stored into the rechargeable battery.
4. Battery power is used to switch ON the LEDs.
5. SMS alerts under abnormal conditions of sunlight using GSM modem
6. Sunlight intensity detection using light sensor and voltage sensor.

The major building blocks of this project are:

• Adapter Power Supply.
• Arduino Nano.
• Solar Panel.
• Charging Circuit.
• Rechargeable Battery.
• LEDs.
• Voltage and current.
• Battery voltage.
• Temperature Sensor.
• Esp8266 Wi-Fi Module.
• Light LDR sensor.
• GSM modem.

Software’s used:

1. Embedded C programming.
2. Arduino ide programmer for dumping code into Micro controller.
3. Express SCH for Circuit design.

Block Diagram:

video:

The system utilizes an Arduino UNO microcontroller for real-time measurement and control, ensuring efficient power factor correction without manual intervention. Active filtering techniques are also incorporated to reduce.

The developed APFC system enhances energy efficiency, reduces reactive power penalties, minimizes transmission losses, improves voltage regulation, and extends equipment life. Experimental and hardware results demonstrate that the system effectively maintains a power factor above 0.95, providing a reliable and cost-effective solution for modern power management applications.

Objectives

1. To measure and monitor the power factor of the electrical system continuously.
2. To automatically switch capacitor banks for power factor correction.
3. To improve the power factor close to unity (1.0).
4. To reduce reactive power losses and electricity charges.
5. To enhance overall power quality and system efficiency.

The major building blocks of this project are:

• Arduino UNO Micro controller.
• Regulated Power Supply.

• Resistive load.
• Inductive load.
• Relay bank unit.
• Current transformer.
• Potential transformer.
• Zero-crossing detector.
• LCD display.
• LED indicators.

Software’s used:

• Arduino IDE studio compiling and dumping code into Microcontroller.
• Embedded C programming.
• Express SCH for Circuit design.

Regulated Power Supply:

Block diagram:

video:

The system also incorporates a temperature sensor to continuously monitor ambient temperature and display both the current temperature and selected fan speed on an LCD screen in real time. To enhance safety, a buzzer-based alert mechanism is included to notify the user whenever the temperature exceeds a preset threshold value. The proposed system offers efficient motor control, real-time monitoring, improved user interaction, and temperature-based safety alerts, making it suitable for smart home appliances, industrial cooling systems, and energy-efficient ventilation applications.

The main objectives of the project are:

• To design and implement a speed control system for a BLDC Fan motor using an Arduino Uno and a Keypad based control method.
• To provide user-friendly control through keypad, each corresponding to a predefined speed level.
• To display real-time speed levels and Temperature on an LCD screen for easy monitoring and user interaction.
• High temperature alerts using Buzzer.

The major building blocks of the project are:

1. Regulated Power Supply.
2. Arduino UNO microcontroller.
3. 4X4 keypad
4. BLDC fan motor
5. IR sensor
6. LCD display.
7. Temperature sensor.
8. Buzzer.

Software’s used:

• Embedded C programming.
• Arduino IDE for dumping code into Micro controller.
• Express SCH for Circuit design.

Regulated Power Supply:

BLOCK DIAGRAM:

video:

At the heart of the system is an Arduino UNO microcontroller, which coordinates the acquisition and processing of various sensor data. A 1000-watt BLDC motor powers the setup, with its speed monitored by an Infrared (IR) sensor acting as a speed sensor. The voltage sensor tracks the battery voltage, while a temperature sensor (LM35) measures the battery temperature, ensuring thermal safety during operation. Additionally, the system calculates essential performance metrics such as battery efficiency, power consumption (watts), motor shaft weight, torque, and speed.

All real-time readings are displayed on an LCD screen for immediate observation and are also transmitted wirelessly via an ESP8266 Wi-Fi module to the ThingSpeak IoT platform. This allows for continuous remote monitoring, data logging, and performance analysis. Visual operational feedback is provided through an LED indicator.

This EV test rig offers an effective solution for academic research, component testing, and prototype validation, enabling detailed analysis of powertrain performance under various load conditions. The project promotes the development of efficient, reliable, and scalable electric vehicle technologies.

The major building blocks of this project are:

1. Battery Power supply.
2. Arduino UNO.
3. Voltage sensor.
4. Temperature sensor.
5. LED indicators.
6. ESP8266 Wi-Fi module.
7. LCD display.
8. Pedal accelerator.
9. BLDC motor controller.
10. 1000-watt BLDC
11. Current sensor.
12. IR sensor.

Software’s used in the project:

1. ARDUINO IDE compiler for Embedded C programming.
2. Express SCH for Circuit design.
3. Thingspeak technology.

Regulated Power Supply:

Block Diagram:

video:

The main objectives of this project:

• To design and develop a dual-axis solar tracking system for maximum solar energy capture.
• To increase the efficiency of solar power generation compared to fixed solar panels.
• To automatically track the sun’s movement using LDR sensors and servo motors.
• To control the solar panel movement using Arduino Uno microcontroller.
• To achieve continuous and accurate solar tracking in both horizontal and vertical directions.
• To reduce energy wastage and improve renewable energy utilization.
• To provide an eco-friendly and cost-effective solution for rural electrification.
• To implement real-time automated operation using RTC interfacing.
• To improve battery charging and overall system performance in solar applications.
• To promote the use of renewable energy systems for sustainable development.

The Major Building Blocks of This Project are:

1. Regulated Power supply.
2. Arduino UNO.
3. Sun light Sensor to sense the sun direction.
4. Motorized mechanism to control the position of solar panel.
5. Servo motors
6. RTC clock
7. LED indicator.

Software’s used:

1. ARDUINO IDE STUDIO compiler for Embedded C programming.
2. Express SCH for Circuit design.

Regulated power supply:

Block Diagram:

video:

The concept involved in the system is to measure the current flowing in the energy transmission line at sensitive areas, sensitive area is defined as where the transmission lines are passing very near to a village or passing over an agriculture field and people are tapping energy to run the pump sets. At these areas the current is measured with two CT’s (Current transformers), these CT’s are arranged at either side of the sensitive area, in series with phase. Now the current flowing through the CT primary is converted into digital and is fed to microcontroller. The controller displays the current in amps, since two CT’s current is to be measured; two CT are designed with microcontroller unit. CT₁, which is supposed to be installed at starting point of particular zone, can be called as master unit. The CT₂ can be installed at other end of that particular zone, the current flowing through this unit CT₂ is transmitted in digital form. The Arduino will receive this data and displayed onto LCD. The data acquired through wired is compared with master CT1 output and difference is displayed in separated row. The current flowing through both the CT’s is almost equal, line loss is considered, whenever the energy is tapped between the two CT’s, more current is passed through first CT, and the system is programmed such that when the difference is more than3-4% approximately, system energizes the alarm automatically and using relay to on and off the theft. If the system detects energy tapping it will send alert SMS through GSM and activate the buzzer for alerts. The status of the project will display on LCD module.

The main objectives of the project are:

1. Automatic identification of energy tapping.
2. Using two CTs to detect the tapping.
3. Visible alerts using LCD display.
4. Audible alerts using BUZZER.
5. GSM based SMS alert.
6. Using ARDUNIO UNO to achieve this task.

The main blocks of this project are:

1. ARDUNIO UNO
2. Regulated power supply (RPS)
3. Crystal oscillator
4. LCD Displays
5. Current transformers
6. GSM module.
7. Buzzer.
8. LED indicators.

Software’s used:

1. Arduino IDE compiler for dumping code into Micro controller.
2. Embedded C Language.
3. Express SCH for Circuit design.

Regulated Power Supply:

Block Diagram:

video:

An Arduino UNO microcontroller is used as the core control unit to monitor the generated voltage and count the number of footsteps. The measured voltage level and footstep count are displayed locally on an LCD display through an LCD driver. Additionally, an ESP8266 Wi-Fi module enables wireless transmission of data to a web page, allowing remote monitoring of the generated voltage and footstep count in real time. The stored energy can also be utilized for mobile charging through a regulated output and switch mechanism.

This system demonstrates an efficient method of energy harvesting from everyday human activities and highlights the potential of piezoelectric technology for powering low-energy electronic devices. The proposed solution is suitable for implementation in public places such as railway stations, shopping malls, and campuses, contributing to sustainable and eco-friendly energy generation.

Major Objectives of this project:

1. To design and develop a footstep power generation system using piezoelectric sensors.
2. To convert mechanical energy produced by human footsteps into electrical energy.
3. To rectify and store the generated electrical energy in a rechargeable lithium-ion battery.
4. To measure the voltage generated from the piezoelectric sensors using a microcontroller.
5. To count the number of footsteps using sensor output analysis.
6. To display the footstep count and generated voltage on an LCD display.
7. To transmit real-time footstep count and voltage data to a web page using ESP8266 Wi-Fi module.
8. To utilize the stored energy for low-power applications such as mobile charging.
9. To promote the use of renewable and sustainable energy harvesting techniques.
10. To demonstrate an eco-friendly power generation system suitable for public places.

Major blocks present in this system:

1. Adapter power supply.
2. 7v Li-ION Battery
3. Arduino UNO Micro controller
4. Piezo sensors plate.
5. Tp4056 module.
6. LCD display
7. ESP8266 WI-FI module.
8. Rectifier.
9. Mobile charger.

Software’s used:

1. Arduino IDE
2. Express SCH for Circuit Design

Block Diagram:

video:

Objectives

1. To design a three-phase transmission line fault detection system using Arduino UNO.
2. To detect different types of faults such as line-to-line, line-to-ground, open-circuit, over-voltage, and under-voltage faults.
3. To display the detected fault type on an LCD display.
4. To provide alert indications using a buzzer and relay protection system.
5. To monitor transmission line status through a web application using IoT technology.
6. To send fault alert messages to the user through GSM-based SMS communication.
7. To identify the fault location in the transmission line using sensing circuits.
8. To develop a reliable, low-cost, and efficient fault monitoring system.

The major building blocks of this project are:

• Adapter power supply.
• Arduino UNO Microcontroller.
• Fault switches.
• Relays.
• Resistors.
• LCD with driver.
• Esp8266 WI-FI module.
• Buzzer
• Three phase supply.
• POT(potentiometer).
• GSM.

Software’s used:

• Arduino IDE for compiling and dumping code into Microcontroller
• Express SCH for Circuit design.

video: