This system is designed around an Arduino microcontroller, two ultrasonic sensors, a 2-channel relay module, a DC water pump, a Spur Gear mechanism, a DC dynamo, a rechargeable battery, and an inverter. The Arduino acts as the central controller, while the ultrasonic sensors continuously monitor the positions of two water-filled buckets suspended on opposite sides of a pulley.

Initially, one bucket contains more water than the other, making it heavier. Due to gravity, the heavier bucket moves downward while the lighter bucket moves upward. The ultrasonic sensor attached to the descending bucket measures its distance from the ground and sends this information to the Arduino. When the bucket reaches a predefined position, the Arduino activates the 2-channel relay, which switches on the DC water pump.

The DC water pump transfers water from the heavier bucket to the lighter bucket. As water is transferred, the weight distribution between the buckets changes. Eventually, the previously lighter bucket becomes heavier and starts moving downward under the influence of gravity, while the other bucket moves upward. This continuous transfer of water creates a cyclic up-and-down motion of the buckets.

The movement of the buckets is transmitted through a spur gear mechanism, which is mechanically coupled to a DC dynamo. As the pulley rotates due to the alternating motion of the buckets, the dynamo converts the mechanical energy into electrical energy. The generated DC power is regulated through a charging circuit and stored in a rechargeable battery.

The stored DC power is then supplied to an inverter, which converts it into AC power. The AC output can be used to operate low-power electrical loads such as an AC LED bulb or other small household appliances.

This project demonstrates the conversion of gravitational potential energy into electrical energy using an automated water-transfer mechanism. The Arduino-based control system ensures continuous operation by monitoring bucket positions and controlling the DC water pump, making the system efficient and fully automatic for educational and experimental applications.

Features:

  Arduino-based automatic control system.

  Utilizes gravitational force for mechanical motion.

  Dual-bucket water balancing mechanism.

  Automatic water transfer using a DC water pump.

  Real-time bucket position monitoring using ultrasonic sensors.

  2-channel relay for automatic pump control.

  DC dynamo for electricity generation.

  Rechargeable battery for energy storage.

  Inverter converts DC power into AC output.

The Major building blocks of this project are:

1. Arduino board with power supply
2. Ultrasonic Sensors
3. DC Water Pump.
4. 2-channel Relay.
5. Dynamo
6. Charging Circuit.
7. Rechargeable Battery.
8. Inverter.
9. AC Bulb.
10. Gear Setup.

Block Diagram:

video:

An AI algorithm analyzes the health data to detect abnormal conditions such as irregular heartbeats or abnormal body temperature. In the event of a critical reading, the system triggers a buzzer and LED indicators for immediate alert. Simultaneously, an image-based calling mechanism is activated to notify caregivers or medical personnel, ensuring timely intervention.

A regulated power supply ensures stable operation, while components like the crystal oscillator and reset switch help maintain system stability. This Arduino Uno-based solution is designed to be cost-effective, portable, and suitable for remote monitoring, especially for heart patients requiring constant care.

The main objective of this project:

• To continuously monitor the heartbeat and body temperature of heart patients.
• To detect abnormalities using AI algorithms.
• To alert caregivers through an image-based calling system during emergencies.
• To display real-time health data on TFT and LCD screens.
• To provide audible and visual alerts for abnormal health conditions.
• To ensure reliable and uninterrupted monitoring using a microcontroller-based system.

The major building blocks of this project are:

1. Regulated Power Supply.
2. ARDUINO UNO.
3. Heart Beat sensor.
4. LCD with driver.
5. BUZZER.
6. TFT SCREEN.

Software’s used:

• Arduino IDE Studio compiler for Embedded C programming.
• Express SCH for Circuit design.

Regulated Power Supply:

video:

A PIC microcontroller is used as the main control unit, which collects data from the INA219 sensor for voltage and current measurement and the DS18B20 sensor for temperature monitoring. Based on these parameters, the system calculates the State of Charge (SOC) and State of Health (SOH) of the battery. The measured values are displayed on an LCD for real-time monitoring.

The system also includes protection features such as over-temperature alert using a buzzer, automatic cooling using a fan, and controlled charging through relay. A DC motor is used as a load to simulate real-time operation. This BMS improves battery efficiency, enhances safety, and extends battery life, making it suitable for electric vehicle applications.

The major building blocks of this project are:

• Step Down transformer.
• Charging circuit.
• ARDUINO UNO Microcontroller.
• Temperature sensor.
• Voltage sensor.
• Current sensor.
• Buzzer.
• 12V Battery pack
• Relay.
• LCD display.
• LED Indicators.

Software’s used:

• Embedded C programming.
• Arduino UNO for dumping code into Micro controller.
• Express SCH for Circuit design.

video:

Disinfecting our hands from time to time is a very important factor in fighting the pandemic. But does it actually require so much water to disinfect your hands. Additionally many people actually end up over washing their hands (over 15- 20 seconds with full tap released). Disinfection actually just requires that water reaches every millimeter of your hand along with a disinfectant or soap and it should be just enough to kill any infection or help it slide out of your hand. When we turn on tap only 10 – 30% water actually touches our skin and rest just flows over this first layer of water.

The main controlling device of the project is Arduino microcontroller.SR04 ultrasonic sensor, timer buttons, LCD display, Mist maker, Buzzer and UV lamp is interfaced to the microcontroller. User need to set the time through buttons. After select the time user inserts the hands into the machine. Automatically detects the hands using ultrasonic sensor and based on the selective time the machine switches on the mist makers (fog sanitizer) and UV lamp. If the person remove the hands from working machine then system gives the alerts in the form of buzzer. The status of the project will display on LCD. To performance this intelligent task microcontroller loaded embedded C language.

Components:

• Regulated power supply.
• Arduino Controller.
• Fog Maker.
• UV lamp.
• LCD Display.
• Buttons & Switches.
• Relays.
• Ultrasonic sensor.
• Buzzer.

Software’s used:

1. Arduino IDE Studio compiler for Embedded C programming.
2. Express SCH for Circuit design.

Block Diagram:

video:

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