The growing demand for green energy has increased the importance of Electric Vehicles (EVs), which mainly use Lithium-Ion batteries due to their high energy density. Since these batteries must operate within safe limits, a Battery Management System (BMS) is essential.

This system uses a NodeMCU ESP8266 microcontroller to monitor battery voltage and temperature through connected sensors. When the battery charge level drops, the controller activates a relay to start the charging process automatically. It also calculates important battery parameters such as State of Charge (SOC) and State of Health (SOH).

The measured voltage, SOC, SOH, and temperature values are displayed on an LCD for real-time monitoring. If the temperature exceeds the safety limit, a buzzer is activated to alert the user.

For remote monitoring, the NodeMCU sends battery data to the ThingSpeak IoT cloud platform using its built-in Wi-Fi. This enables users to track battery performance and system status from anywhere through a mobile phone or computer.

The entire system is programmed using Embedded C in the Arduino IDE, which manages sensor readings, charging control, display updates, safety alerts, and IoT communication.

Objectives:

  To design a battery monitoring system using the NodeMCU ESP8266 microcontroller.

  To measure battery voltage continuously for monitoring battery condition.

  To monitor battery temperature using a temperature sensor to ensure safe operation.

  To calculate battery parameters such as State of Charge (SOC) and State of Health (SOH).

  To automatically control battery charging using a relay module when the battery voltage becomes low.

  To display battery voltage, temperature, SOC, and SOH values on the LCD display for real-time monitoring.

  To provide a safety alert using a buzzer when the temperature exceeds the safe limit.

  To upload battery monitoring data such as voltage, temperature, SOC, and SOH to the cloud using the ThingSpeak IoT platform for remote monitoring.

  To improve battery safety, efficiency, and monitoring using IoT technology.

The major building blocks of this project are:

• Regulated power supply
• NodeMCU Microcontroller.
• Temperature sensor.
• Voltage sensor.
• Buzzer.
• 12V Battery pack
• Relay.
• Charging Circuit.
• LCD display.

Software’s used:

• Embedded C programming.
• Arduino IDE programmer for dumping code into Micro controller.
• Express SCH for Circuit design.
• IOT technology.

video:

In this work, the purpose, functions and topologies of BMS are discussed in detail. In addition, early battery models along with the hardware and system designs for BMS are covered in a literature review. Then, an improved battery model is introduced, and simulation results are shown to verify the model’s performance. Finally, the design of a novel BMS hardware system and its experimental results are discussed. The possible improvements for the battery models and BMS hardware are given in the section on conclusions and future work.

A battery management system (BMS) is proposed which is used for electronic vehicle that manages a rechargeable battery (cell or battery pack), such as by protecting the battery from operating outside its safe operating area, monitoring its state using NodeMCU microcontroller.

The controlling device of the whole system is NodeMCU microcontroller. The integrated modules to the controller are temperature sensor, Battery pack along with relay, Charger and LCD Module. The NodeMCU measures the voltage from sensor, when any of the battery pack get drained it will switch on the relay for battery charging. Here relay works as a switch to on/off the charging connection.  Node MCU will calculate the battery SOC, SOH values and measure the battery voltage value will be displayed on LCD module as well as it displays the temperature continuously. If the temperature value crosses the set limit, then NodeMCU will active the buzzer for alerts. To achieve this task microcontroller loaded program written in embedded C language.

Objectives:

  To design a battery monitoring system using the NodeMCU ESP8266 microcontroller.

  To measure battery voltage continuously for monitoring battery condition.

  To monitor battery temperature using a temperature sensor to ensure safe operation.

  To calculate battery parameters such as State of Charge (SOC) and State of Health (SOH).

  To automatically control battery charging using a relay module when the battery voltage becomes low.

  To display battery voltage, temperature, SOC, and SOH values on the LCD display for real-time monitoring.

  To provide a safety alert using a buzzer when the temperature exceeds the safe limit.

  To improve battery safety, efficiency, and monitoring.

The major building blocks of this project are:

• Regulated power supply
• NodeMCU Microcontroller.
• Temperature sensor.
• Voltage sensor.
• Buzzer.
• 12V Battery pack
• Relay.
• Charging Circuit.
• LCD display.

Software’s used:

• Embedded C programming.
• Arduino IDE programmer for dumping code into Micro controller.
• Express SCH for Circuit design.

video:

In this work, the purpose, functions and topologies of BMS are discussed in detail. In addition, early battery models along with the hardware and system designs for BMS are covered in a literature review. Then, an improved battery model is introduced, and simulation results are shown to verify the model’s performance. Finally, the design of a novel BMS hardware system and its experimental results are discussed. The possible improvements for the battery models and BMS hardware are given in the section on conclusions and future work.

A battery management system (BMS) is proposed which is used for electronic vehicle that manages a rechargeable battery (cell or battery pack), such as by protecting the battery from operating outside its safe operating area, monitoring its state using PIC microcontroller.

The controlling device of the whole system is PIC microcontroller. The integrated modules to the controller are temperature sensor, Battery pack along with relay, Charger and LCD Module. When any of the battery pack get drained, that battery pack get charged from the charger through relay and the voltage value of each battery pack is displayed on LCD module as well as it displays the temperature continuously. If the temperature value crosses the set limit, then PIC microcontroller active the buzzer for alerts.

The Microcontroller measures the Battery voltage from sensor and based on that it will switch on the relay for battery charging. Here relay works as a switch to on/off the charging connection.

The major building blocks of this project are:

• Regulated power supply
• PIC Microcontroller.
• Temperature sensor.
• Voltage sensor.
• Buzzer.
• Battery pack
• Relay.
• Charging Circuit.
• LCD display.
• LED Indicators
• Crystal oscillator
• Reset button.

Software’s used:

• PIC-C compiler for Embedded C programming.
• PIC kit 2 programmer for dumping code into Micro controller.
• Express SCH for Circuit design.

video:

A PIC microcontroller is used as the main control unit, which collects data from the INA219 sensor for voltage and current measurement and the DS18B20 sensor for temperature monitoring. Based on these parameters, the system calculates the State of Charge (SOC) and State of Health (SOH) of the battery. The measured values are displayed on an LCD for real-time monitoring.

The system also includes protection features such as over-temperature alert using a buzzer, automatic cooling using a fan, and controlled charging through relay. A DC motor is used as a load to simulate real-time operation. This BMS improves battery efficiency, enhances safety, and extends battery life, making it suitable for electric vehicle applications.

The major building blocks of this project are:

• Step Down transformer.
• Charging circuit.
• ARDUINO UNO Microcontroller.
• Temperature sensor.
• Voltage sensor.
• Current sensor.
• Buzzer.
• 12V Battery pack
• Relay.
• LCD display.
• LED Indicators.

Software’s used:

• Embedded C programming.
• Arduino UNO for dumping code into Micro controller.
• Express SCH for Circuit design.

video: