Objectives

• To design a solar-powered battery charging system using a PIC microcontroller.
• To monitor solar panel and battery voltages using voltage sensors.
• To control battery charging and load operation efficiently through a boost converter.
• To display system parameters on an LCD for real-time monitoring.
• To provide a reliable and eco-friendly power supply for LED lighting applications.

Components used:

• SOLAR.
• CHARGING CIRCUIT.
• BATTERY.
• PIC MICROCONTROLLER.
• VOLTAGE SENSORS.
• Boost converter.
• LCD display.
• LEDs.
• Crystal Oscillator.
• Reset Button.
• LED indicators.

Software’s used:

1. PIC-C compiler for Embedded C programming.
2. PIC kit 2 programmer for dumping code into Micro controller.
3. Express SCH for Circuit design.

Regulated power supply:

video:

The transmission section is powered by solar energy, stored in a battery, and managed by a Arduino Nano microcontroller. An RFID system ensures authorized vehicle access. The power is wirelessly transmitted through eight relay-controlled coils, activated by infrared (IR) sensors and a pulse generator.

The receiving section is embedded in the EV and includes a copper coil connected to a charging circuit that transfers energy to the vehicle’s battery. An ESP-32 microcontroller monitors voltage levels via a voltage sensor, while an IR sensor detects the presence of charging zones. The DHT-11 sensor measures environmental conditions. A relay circuit manages power to four DC motors, and data is uploaded to ThingSpeak for remote monitoring.

This innovative IoT-enabled wireless charging system eliminates the need for frequent plug-in charging, offering a seamless and sustainable solution for electric vehicle users. The status of the project will display on LCD. To achieve this task Arduino Nano microcontroller loaded program written in embedded C language.

Features:

1. Solar-Powered Charging: Uses solar energy for sustainable power generation.
2. Wireless Power Transfer: Eliminates the need for physical charging cables.
3. RFID Authentication: Ensures only authorized vehicles receive power.
4. IR Sensor-Based Activation: Detects vehicle presence to activate charging coils.
5. IoT-Based Monitoring: Uses ESP-32 and ThingSpeak for real-time data tracking.
6. Arduino Microcontroller Control: Manages power distribution and relay operation.
7. Pulse Generator & Relays: Controls power transfer to charging coils.
8. DHT-11 Sensor: Monitors environmental conditions during charging.
9. Voltage Sensor Feedback: Ensures safe and efficient charging.
10. DC Motor Control: Enables powered vehicle movement during charging.

The major specifications of the modules used in the project are:

• Solar Panel: 12V–24V output for renewable energy.
• Arduino Microcontroller: 5V operation, multiple I/O pins.
• ESP-32: 3.3V, built-in Wi-Fi & Bluetooth for IoT.
• RFID Module: 13.56 MHz frequency for authentication.
• IR Sensors: 3.3V–5V, detects vehicle presence.
• DHT-11 Sensor: 0°C–50°C, 20%–90% RH humidity range.
• Voltage Sensor: 0V–25V range for battery monitoring.
• Relay Modules: 5V/12V for power control.
• Pulse Generator: Activates charging coils.
• Copper Coils: Enables inductive power transfer.
• ThingSpeak IoT: Real-time data logging & monitoring.
• DC Motors (4x): 6V–12V, powers vehicle movement.

Block diagram:

video:

In this application, the PZEM module interfaces with an LCD display and a website display to show real-time data, allowing users to monitor grid parameters on both local and remote platforms. The LCD provides immediate feedback on key electrical parameters like voltage, current, active power, and frequency, offering a convenient and compact solution for localized monitoring. Additionally, the website display enables remote monitoring, accessible from any device with internet access, using a web-based interface. This can be achieved through the integration of IoT device, such as ESP32, which send collected data to a web platform.

The grid monitoring system aims to enhance energy management, ensure power quality, and optimize consumption by providing accurate and real-time information. It can be used in various applications, such as solar power systems, industrial facilities, and residential energy monitoring, making it an essential tool for users seeking to improve grid performance, troubleshoot electrical issues, and reduce energy waste. The combination of real-time display and remote monitoring ensures greater control over energy resources, thereby contributing to sustainability and cost savings.

Objectives:

Monitor Electrical Parameters: Track key values like voltage, current, power (kWh), and frequency in real-time.

Local Display: Show real-time data on an LCD screen for quick reference and monitoring.

Remote Access: Provide a web interface for users to monitor grid data from anywhere using an internet-connected device.

Track Energy Consumption: Monitor and display energy usage (kWh) to help users manage energy consumption.

Check Power Quality: Track voltage and frequency to identify any power quality issues, like fluctuations.

Improve Efficiency: Detect issues and optimize the grid system for better performance and energy efficiency.

Easy-to-Use Interface: Make the LCD display and web interface simple and user-friendly for easy access and interpretation of data.

Future Scalability: Allow for easy future expansion, adding more sensors or devices as needed.

Data Logging: Save historical data to help analyze trends and generate reports for decision-making.

Better Energy Management: Help users understand their energy use and make changes to save energy and reduce costs.

Components Used:

• Regulated Power Supply.
• GRID.
• ESP32 Microcontroller.
• PZEM MODULE.
• LCD Display.
• Load.

Software’s Used:

1. Arduino IDE studio compiler for dumping program.
2. Express SCH for Circuit design.

video:

The proposed system is based on Ohm’s Law, which is used to determine the fault location accurately and cost-effectively. Current sensing circuits consisting of resistor networks are connected to the Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) ports of the Arduino UNO. These circuits provide voltage values corresponding to different cable lengths, enabling the microcontroller to identify the fault location in kilometres.

Faults are created manually at predefined distances along the transmission line model. When a fault occurs, the Arduino processes the sensor data, identifies the fault type and location, and displays the information on the LCD screen. Simultaneously, a buzzer is activated to alert the user. The system also trips the affected phase through a relay, and the corresponding phase status is indicated using bulbs.

The Arduino UNO serves as the main controlling unit, executing a program developed in Embedded C language. The proposed system provides a simple, reliable, fast, and economical solution for transmission line fault detection, helping maintenance personnel quickly identify and rectify faults, thereby improving the reliability of power distribution systems.

Objectives:

• Design a three-phase fault detection system.
• It will detect line-line and line-ground faults.
• Alert fault indication using BUZZER.
• Display the fault type on LCD display.

The main blocks of this project are:

• Adapter power supply.
• Arduino UNO Microcontroller.
• Three-Phase Transmission Line.
• Line-to-Line Fault.
• Line-to-Ground.
• Resistors.
• Relays.
• LCD with driver.
• Buzzer.
• R Y B Bulbs.

Software’s Used:

1. Arduino IDE studio compiler for dumping program.
2. Express SCH for Circuit design.

video:

The main objectives of this project are:

• Develop a Smart Cleaning Robot: Design an semi-autonomous cleaning robot capable of vacuuming, mopping, and dusting surfaces.
• Solar-Powered Operation: Utilize solar energy to charge the battery, reducing dependency on external power sources.
• Wireless Control: Enable control via an Android mobile phone using Bluetooth communication (HC-05 module).
• Efficient Cleaning Mechanism: Implement motor-driven brushes, a vacuum cleaner, and a water pump for thorough cleaning.
• Microcontroller-Based System: Use a PIC microcontroller to control various components efficiently.
• Automation & Indicators: Integrate LED indicators for status updates and relays for switching operations.

The major building blocks of this project are:

• Solar power.
• Charging circuit.
• Rechargeable Battery.
• PIC Microcontroller.
• Reset Button.
• DC Motors with driver.
• Vacuum cleaner.
• Brushes.
• Bluetooth.
• Relays.
• Water pump.
• Crystal oscillator.
• LED Indicators.

Software’s used:

1. PIC-C compiler for Embedded C programming.
2. PIC kit 2 programmer for dumping code into Micro controller.
3. Express SCH for Circuit design.

Block Diagram:

video:

A solar panel is a large flat rectangle, typically somewhere between the size of a radiator and the size of a door, made up of many individual solar energy collectors called solar cells covered with a protective sheet of glass. The cells, each of which is about the size of an adult’s palm, are usually octagonal and colored bluish black. Just like the cells in a battery, the cells in a solar panel are designed to generate electricity; but where a battery’s cells make electricity from chemicals, a solar panel’s cells generate power by capturing sunlight instead. They are sometimes called photovoltaic cells because they use sunlight (“photo” comes from the Greek word for light) to make electricity (the word “voltaic” is a reference to electricity pioneer Alessandro Volta).

The project makes use of a solar panel. The Solar energy obtained is stored to a battery. The battery supply is fed to pulse generator and in turn to a MOSFET which is capable of generating ON/OFF pulses of different frequencies. This is fed to a step-up transformer to generate a low voltage AC. This AC is fed to electrical appliance.

The major building blocks of this project are:

1. solar.
2. Charging circuit.
3. Rechargeable battery.
4. Inverter.
5. Load.

Block Diagram:

video:

In this application, the PZEM module interfaces with an LCD display and a website display to show real-time data, allowing users to monitor energy meter  parameters on both local and remote platforms. The LCD provides immediate feedback on key electrical parameters like voltage, current, active power, and frequency, offering a convenient and compact solution for localized monitoring. Additionally, the website display enables remote monitoring, accessible from any device with internet access, using a web-based interface. This can be achieved through the integration of IoT devices, such as ESP32 controller, which send collected data to a cloud server or web platform.

The energy meter monitoring system aims to enhance energy management, ensure power quality, and optimize consumption by providing accurate and real-time information. It can be used in various applications, such as solar power systems, industrial facilities, and residential energy monitoring, making it an essential tool for users seeking to improve grid performance, troubleshoot electrical issues, and reduce energy waste. The combination of real-time display and remote monitoring ensures greater control over energy resources, thereby contributing to sustainability and cost savings.

Objectives:

Monitor Electrical Parameters: Track key values like voltage, current, power (kWh), and frequency in real-time.

Local Display: Show real-time data on an LCD screen for quick reference and monitoring.

Remote Access: Provide a web interface for users to monitor grid data from anywhere using an internet-connected device.

Track Energy Consumption: Monitor and display energy usage (kWh) to help users manage energy consumption.

Check Power Quality: Track voltage and frequency to identify any power quality issues, like fluctuations.

Improve Efficiency: Detect issues and optimize the grid system for better performance and energy efficiency.

Easy-to-Use Interface: Make the LCD display and web interface simple and user-friendly for easy access and interpretation of data.

Future Scalability: Allow for easy future expansion, adding more sensors or devices as needed.

Data Logging: Save historical data to help analyze trends and generate reports for decision-making.

Better Energy Management: Help users understand their energy use and make changes to save energy and reduce costs.

Components Used:

• Regulated Power Supply.
• ESP32 controller.
• PZEM MODULE.
• LCD Display.
• AC Bulb.

Software’s Used:

1. Arduino IDE studio compiler for dumping program.
2. Express SCH for Circuit design.

Block Diagram:

video:

The system was designed such that the energy management of multiple engine motors for Hybrid Electric vehicle using wireless communication modules. This project demonstrates a dual-MOSFET control system using a potentiometer input received via serial communication. The system is built on the Arduino Nano platform and features a 16×2 LCD display for real-time feedback. A single potentiometer value, transmitted from another microcontroller over serial (via SoftwareSerial), is used to proportionally control two MOSFETs representing an engine (EM) and a motor (MO) based on predefined percentage ranges:

• 0–30%: EM is controlled from 0–255 PWM, MO remains off.
• 30–60%: EM decreases from 255–0, MO increases from 0–180 PWM.
• 60–100%: EM turns off, MO increases from 180–255 PWM.

The LCD displays the mapped velocity and power percentage on the first row, and the current status of EM and MO on the second row (e.g., “ENG CONNECTED”, “MOT CONNECTED”). The project showcases smooth transition control using a single input source and efficient serial communication between microcontrollers, useful in electric vehicle hybrid systems or automation applications. The controller unit forms the intellectual part of the device. The future works include giving intelligence to the whole system like if any of the motor senses any fault, the whole system will shutdown.

The major building blocks of this project are:

1. Adapter Power Supply.
2. Arduino Nano.
3. Potentiometer.
4. LCD with driver.
5. Wireless communication modules
6. MOSFET with drivers
7. DC motors with driver.
8. LED indicators.

Software’s used:

1. Embedded C programming.
2. Arduino ide programmer for dumping code into Micro controller.
3. Express SCH for Circuit design.

Block Diagram:

video:

Maximum Power Point Tracking, frequently referred to as MPPT, is an electronic system that operates the Photovoltaic (PV) modules in a manner that allows the modules to produce all the power they are capable of. MPPT is not a mechanical tracking system that “physically moves” the modules to make them point more directly at the sun. MPPT is a fully electronic system that varies the electrical operating point of the modules so that the modules are able to deliver maximum available power.

In the proposed converter, the input DC voltage can be boosted by the boost converter and this boosted voltage is stored into the rechargeable battery and then interfaced with the H-BRIDGE inverter circuit. The battery supply is fed to pulse generator and in turn to a MOSFET which is capable of generating ON/OFF pulses of different frequencies using PWM technique. This is fed to a step-up transformer to generate a low voltage AC to the grid. This AC is fed to loads like bulbs, devices.

The main controlling device of the whole system is PIC Microcontroller. Solar panel, DC-DC converter, inverter and load are interfaced to PIC Microcontroller. The PIC Microcontroller initially measures the voltage from solar panel. The Microcontroller takes the decision of operating the load through PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) until the maximum voltage is obtained from solar panel without degrading the load performance. To perform this intelligent task, Microcontroller is loaded with an intelligent program written using embedded ‘C’ language.

The main objectives of the project are:

1. Bringing out maximum energy from solar panel without mechanical tracking.
2. Usage of DC-DC converter circuit
3. Inverter based AC load control
4. MOSFET based switching circuitry
5. PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) usage.

The major building blocks of this project are:

1. Regulated power supply.
2. PIC Microcontroller.
3. Solar panel.
4. DC-DC boost converter.
5. H-BRIDGE Inverter.
6. MOSFETs
7. Battery
8. Crystal
9. Reset button.
10. LED Indicators.
11. AC load.

Software’s used:

1. PIC-C compiler for Embedded C programming.
2. PIC kit 2 programmer for dumping code into Micro controller.
3. Express SCH for Circuit design.

Block diagram:

video:

In this system, measuring of industrial parameters such as voltage, current, temperature, frequency and then data are transferred to the SCADA central host controller(PIC16F73). And the system detects the earth fault and 3-phase fault which is inter faced to the SCADA central host PIC microcontroller. And also the system consist of IR sensor to detect human presents near by the fencing.

If any parameters value exceed threshold value or else system detects the 3-phase fault or else if the IR sensor detects the person then the breaks the circuit using Relay and also sends the data wirelessly using HC12 wireless communication module. The PIC microcontroller at the receiver section receives the data using wireless HC12 module and accordingly it will send the alert message to the predefine mobile number through GSM in the form of SMS  and also activate the Buzzer. This system monitor the status about fault on LCD module. Here relay works as Supervisory Control to break the circuit. By connecting IOT technology to this project so we can monitor the parameter data on thing speak cloud along with date and time.

This project is also designed to protect the electrical circuitry by operating an Electromagnetic Relay.  This Relay gets activated whenever the electrical parameters exceed the predefined values.  The Relay can be used to operate a Circuit Breaker to switch off the main electrical supply. Here relay works as Supervisory Control to break the circuit.

This project makes use of an onboard computer, which is commonly termed as micro controller.  We use two PIC microcontrollers at transmitter and receiver sections. It acts as heart of the project. This onboard computer can efficiently communicate with the output and input modules which are being used. The controller is provided with some internal memory to hold the code. This memory is used to dump some set of assembly instructions into the controller. And the functioning of the controller is dependent on these assembly instructions.

The objectives of the project include:

1. Sensing different electrical parameters (voltage, current, temperature, frequency).
2. Sensing three phase fault.
3. Using GSM technology to send the alert message.
4. Using IR sensor to detect the person at fencing.
5. Using ESP8266 Wi-Fi module data monitoring onto the thingspeak
6. Producing buzzer alerts (if necessary).
7. Visible alerts using LCD display.
8. Automatic circuit breaking operation done by relay.

The major building blocks of this project are:

1. Regulated Power Supply.
2. PIC Microcontroller.
3. LCD display with driver.
4. Electromagnetic Relay with driver.
5. Temperature Sensor.
6. Voltage Sensor.
7. Current Sensor.
8. GSM Modem.
9. Buzzer with driver.
10. 3-phase fault measuring circuit
11. Crystal oscillator.
12. IR Sensors.
13. LED indicators.

Software’s used:

1. PIC-C compiler for Embedded C programming.
2. PIC kit 2 programmer for dumping code into Micro controller.
3. Express SCH for Circuit design.

Regulated Power Supply:

Block Diagram:

video: