The aim of this project is four quadrant speed and direction and also stop and start control of the 12V DC motor using Microcontroller and b-type chopper. The motor is operated in four quadrants as clockwise, counter clock-wise, instantaneous forward brake and instantaneous reverse brake and also start and stop operations with the help of six control buttons. Using IR sensor, we can measure the speed of the DC motor and this system monitor the speed of DC motor on LCD display.   Class-B or Type-B chopper is defined as the chopper in which the direction of power flow is always from load to source. The operation of this chopper is confined in the second quadrant. This is the reason; it is also known as Second Quadrant Chopper. In second quadrant chopper, the output voltage is positive but the load current is negative all the time. Class-B or Type-B chopper is also known as Step-up chopper.   DC machines play a very important role in industries and in our daily life. The outstanding advantage of DC machines is that they offer easily controllable characteristics. This project is designed to develop a four-quadrant speed control system for a 12V DC motor using microcontroller. The motor is operated in four quadrants i.e. clockwise, counter clock-wise, forward brake and reverse brake, stop and start. It also has a feature of speed control. In this project using six control buttons to control the four quadrants of DC motor and also stop and start conditions and IR sensor to detect the speed of DC motor and monitoring speed on LCD module.        

The objectives of the project include:  

1. Controlling the four quadrants along with stop and start operation of DC MOTOR.
2. Monitoring RPM of the dc motor on LCD module.
3. Uses control buttons to control the four quadrants of DC motor.
4. B-type chopper driver circuit for controlling the direction for the motor.
5. IR sensor is used to detect the speed of DC motor.
6. Using of PIC microcontroller to archive this task.

         

The major building blocks of this project are:

1. Regulated power supply.
2. Microcontroller
3. DC motor.
4. SIX Control buttons.
5. B-type chopper
6. IR sensor.
7. LCD display.

         

Software’s used:  

1. PIC-C compiler for Embedded C programming.
2. PIC kit 2 programmer for dumping code into Micro controller.
3.  Express SCH for Circuit design.

           

Regulated power supply:

                       

Block Diagram:          

video: