The increasing importance of green energy has made electric vehicles a key solution for sustainable transportation. Lithium-ion batteries are widely used in EVs due to their high energy and current density. However, these batteries must operate within a safe range, known as the Safety Operation Area (SOA), to avoid risks such as overheating or damage. To ensure safe and efficient operation, a Battery Management System (BMS) integrated with solar energy is essential for monitoring and protecting battery performance. This work focuses on implementation of a solar power based BMS using the PIC Micro controller. The system integrates various components such as solar with voltage, current, and temperature sensors, relay, a buzzer, LCD module, and a battery pack with charging setup and voltage sensor. Microcontroller measures the Battery voltage from sensor and based on that it will switch ON/OFF the Relay to connect /disconnect the solar for battery charging. Here relay works as a switch to on/off the charging connection. When temperature exceeds a set limit or when the battery voltage crosses the set limit, this system activates a Buzzer for alerts. To achieve this task Microcontroller loaded program written in Embedded C language.        

Objectives:  

• To develop a solar-powered battery management system for EV applications.

• To monitor battery voltage, solar voltage, current, and temperature using sensors.
• To control battery charging automatically using a relay based on battery condition.

• To protect the battery from overcharging and overheating conditions.

• To provide alert indications using a buzzer when limits are exceeded.

• To display real-time parameters on an LCD module.

• To implement the system using Embedded C programming on a PIC microcontroller.

      The major building blocks of this project are:

• Regulated power supply
• Solar.
• PIC Microcontroller.
• Temperature sensor.
• Voltage sensor.
• Current sensor.
• Buzzer.
• Battery pack
• Relay.
• Charging Circuit.
• LCD display.
• LED Indicators
• Crystal oscillator
• Reset button.

          Software’s used:

• PIC-C compiler for Embedded C programming.
• PIC kit 2 programmer for dumping code into Micro controller.
• Express SCH for Circuit design.

             

video: