The GSM Based Autonomous Water Feeding Sky Farm is an intelligent, solar-powered irrigation system designed to enhance water efficiency and minimize manual intervention in agricultural practices, particularly in remote and off-grid areas. The system is built around an Arduino UNO microcontroller that automates irrigation based on real-time environmental conditions. A DHT22 sensor continuously monitors ambient humidity levels, and when the humidity drops below a predefined threshold, a relay module activates a DC water pump to initiate irrigation. Once the desired humidity level is restored, the system automatically turns OFF the motor to prevent over-irrigation and conserve water. To ensure sustainable power management, the system incorporates solar energy as its primary power source. Solar and battery voltages are continuously monitored using voltage sensors. When the battery level falls below a set limit, the Arduino activates a charging relay to replenish the battery using solar power, and automatically disconnects the charging circuit once the battery reaches full capacity, thereby preventing overcharging and extending battery life. For local monitoring, real-time data including humidity, solar voltage, and battery voltage are displayed on an LCD screen. Additionally, a GSM module is integrated to provide remote communication by sending SMS alerts to the farmer whenever the irrigation motor is switched ON or OFF. This feature enables farmers to stay informed about irrigation activities without being physically present at the farm. Overall, this system promotes smart farming practices, efficient water utilization, renewable energy integration, and remote monitoring, making it a cost-effective and sustainable solution for modern agriculture.    

Objectives:

• To automate irrigation based on ambient humidity levels
• To utilize solar energy for sustainable power supply
• To monitor battery and solar voltages for safe energy management
• To send GSM SMS alerts for motor ON/OFF status
• To reduce water wastage and manual intervention

      The major building blocks of this project are:

• Arduino UNO.
• DHT22sensor.
• Relay board with DC water pump.
• Solar panel.
• Charging circuit.
• Rechargeable battery.
• Voltage sensors.
• Relay.
• LCD display.
• GSM.

      Software’s used:  

• Embedded C programming.
• Arduino IDE programmer for dumping code into Micro controller.
• Express SCH for Circuit design.

      Regulated power supply:

         

Block Diagram:          

video: