Diabetes is a common chronic disease affecting people across almost all countries worldwide. The most widely used method for measuring blood glucose levels is invasive in nature, which involves finger-pricking to obtain blood samples. This method is often painful, costly, and carries the risk of spreading infectious diseases. Prolonged and frequent use of invasive techniques can also lead to damage of finger tissues. To overcome these limitations, a noninvasive method for monitoring blood glucose levels is proposed in this project, enabling frequent testing without pain or discomfort. The proposed system is a Noninvasive Glucometer and Hemoglobin Monitoring System based on the ESP32 microcontroller. The glucose and hemoglobin concentrations are estimated using noninvasive optical measurement techniques. The system operates on the principle that variations in the intensity of near-infrared (NIR) light, after passing through the finger and received by a photodetector, are correlated with changes in blood glucose levels. Similarly, hemoglobin concentration is estimated using optical signal variations processed through dedicated measurement circuits. The ESP32 processes the acquired signals and displays the measured values on an LCD display.      

Objectives:

  To design and develop a noninvasive system for monitoring blood glucose and hemoglobin levels without finger-pricking.

  To reduce pain, discomfort, and infection risk associated with conventional invasive glucose monitoring methods.

  To utilize near-infrared (NIR) optical sensing techniques for estimating glucose concentration through the human finger.

  To implement optical-based hemoglobin measurement for early detection and monitoring of anemia.

  To integrate an ESP32 microcontroller for real-time signal processing and efficient system control.

  To display measured glucose and hemoglobin values clearly on an LCD display for immediate user feedback.

  To design a compact, low-cost, and user-friendly device suitable for home healthcare and clinical use.

  To support continuous and frequent health monitoring, aiding in early diagnosis and better management of diabetes and anemia.      

The major building blocks of this project are:

• Regulated Power supply.
• ESP32.
• NIR module for glucose measuring.
• NON-INVASIVE Hemoglobin sensing circuit.
• LCD display.

      Software’s used:

• ARDUINO IDE.
• Embedded C language.

    Block Diagram:        

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