The reliable operation of electrical transmission lines is essential for maintaining a stable power supply. Faults occurring in transmission lines, such as Single Line-to-Ground (SLG), Line-to-Line (LL), Double Line-to-Ground (DLG), and Three-Phase faults, can cause power interruptions, equipment damage, and safety hazards. This project presents an IoT-Based Three-Phase Transmission Line Fault Detection and Alerting System designed to detect and identify different types of transmission line faults in real time. The system utilizes an Arduino Uno as the main controller, current sensors for continuous monitoring of the three-phase transmission line currents, a relay module for fault isolation, and an LCD display for local status indication. A NodeMCU (ESP8266) module provides IoT connectivity, while a GPS module is used to determine the exact location of the fault. When a fault occurs, the Arduino analyzes the sensor data, identifies the fault type, and activates the relay to disconnect the faulty section. Simultaneously, the NodeMCU uploads the fault information and GPS coordinates to a cloud-based monitoring platform. The fault details, including fault type, current values, and location, are displayed on the LCD and transmitted to the web server for remote monitoring. A buzzer provides an immediate audible alert to maintenance personnel. The GPS coordinates can also be linked to Google Maps, enabling quick identification of the fault location. This system improves the reliability, safety, and efficiency of power transmission networks by enabling rapid fault detection, accurate fault localization, and real-time remote monitoring. The integration of IoT and GPS technologies helps reduce maintenance time, minimize power outages, and enhance overall grid management.      

Objectives:  

1. To detect faults in a three-phase transmission line.
2. To identify different types of faults such as SLG, LL, DLG, and three-phase faults.
3. To continuously monitor line currents using current sensors.
4. To display fault status on an LCD screen.
5. To provide an audible alert using a buzzer when a fault occurs.
6. To isolate the faulty section using a relay.
7. To track the fault location using a GPS module.
8. To send fault information to the cloud using NodeMCU.
9. To enable real-time remote monitoring through IoT.
10. To reduce fault detection time and improve power system reliability.

        The major building blocks of this project are:  

• Adapter power supply.
• Arduino UNO Microcontroller.
• Resistors.
• Relays.
• Current sensors.
• GPS.
• LCD with driver.
• NODE MCU module.
• Buzzer
• Three phase Transmission Line.
• LED indicators.

      Software’s used:  

• Arduino IDE for compiling and dumping code into Microcontroller
• Express SCH for Circuit design.

    Regulated power Supply:

               

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