The increasing demand for green energy has made electric vehicles (EVs) a sustainable solution for modern transportation. EVs commonly use lithium-ion batteries due to their high energy density; however, these batteries require safe operation within a defined Safety Operating Area (SOA). Hence, a Battery Management System (BMS) is essential to monitor and protect the battery. This project presents a smart BMS integrated with a solar-based Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) system for efficient charging and discharging. The MPPT technique ensures maximum power extraction from the solar panel by electronically optimizing its operating point. The system uses voltage, current, and temperature sensors to continuously monitor battery and solar parameters. A microcontroller-based control unit manages relays for automatic charging control and displays real-time data on an LCD. Additionally, an ESP8266 Wi-Fi module enables cloud monitoring through ThingSpeak and mobile control via the Blynk app. The system also supports temperature-based fan control and voltage-based load management. Overall, the proposed system ensures safe, efficient, and intelligent battery operation with real-time monitoring, making it suitable for renewable energy-based EV applications.  

Main Objectives:  

• To develop a safe and reliable Battery Management System (BMS) for lithium-ion batteries.
• To ensure battery operation within the Safe Operating Area (SOA) by monitoring voltage, current, and temperature.
• To implement Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) for extracting maximum power from the solar panel.
• To design an efficient charging and discharging control system using a microcontroller.
• To enable wireless/solar-based charging for improved convenience and sustainability.
• To provide real-time monitoring of battery and system parameters using sensors.
• To integrate IoT-based remote monitoring and control using Wi-Fi (ThingSpeak & Blynk).
• To implement automatic protection mechanisms like overvoltage, overcurrent, and overheating protection.
• To display system status using an LCD and LED indicators.
• To develop a smart and energy-efficient solution for modern electric vehicle applications.

 

The major building blocks of this project are:

• Regulated power supply
• PIC Microcontroller
• Temperature sensor
• Current sensor
• Voltage sensors
• LCD display.
• Relays.
• DC fan.
• LEDs
• ESP8266 WI-FI module.
• Solar panel.
• Charging circuit.
• Rechargeable battery.
• LED Indicators
• Crystal oscillator
• Reset

  Software’s used:

1. PIC-C compiler for Embedded C programming.
2. PIC kit 2 programmer for dumping code into Micro controller.
3. Express SCH for Circuit design.

           

Block diagram:     video: