The project “Smart Battery Switching and Regenerative Braking System for Electric Vehicles with Boost Converter” is designed to enhance the efficiency, performance, and energy recovery capability of electric vehicles (EVs). In this system, two dynamos are mounted on the front wheels to generate electrical energy during vehicle motion and braking. The generated voltage is processed through a charging circuit and stored in Rechargeable Battery Pack-1. A PIC microcontroller continuously monitors the battery voltage, current, and dynamo-generated voltage through sensors and displays these values on an LCD display for real-time monitoring. The system employs an intelligent switching mechanism to automatically alternate between Battery Pack-1 and Battery Pack-2, ensuring uninterrupted power supply. The switches are used to control the EV’s movement, while Battery Pack-2 powers the two DC motors mounted on the rear wheels for vehicle propulsion. During braking, the regenerative braking mechanism converts kinetic energy into electrical energy, which is boosted through a boost converter and stored back into the batteries to improve charging efficiency. The system also includes LED indicators for status indication. This smart and sustainable design improves battery life, optimizes energy usage, and supports the advancement of efficient electric vehicle technology.  

Objectives:

• To design and implement an intelligent battery switching system that ensures continuous power supply to the electric vehicle.
• To utilize regenerative braking for recovering kinetic energy during braking and converting it into electrical energy.
• To employ a boost converter for improving the efficiency of the regenerated power before storing it in the battery.
• To monitor battery voltage, current, and dynamo-generated voltage in real time using an LCD display.
• To control the electric vehicle movement using switches connected to the motor drive system.
• To drive the vehicle using two DC motors powered by dual battery packs, ensuring smooth operation and load balancing.
• To enhance the overall energy efficiency and battery life of the electric vehicle through smart energy management.

    The main blocks of this project are:

• Dynamo.
• Charging Circuit.
• DC motors.
• LED indicator.
• PIC Microcontroller.
• Switches.
• Voltage and current sensors.
• LCD display.
• Rechargeable battery.
• Boost converter.
• Switching mechanism.
• EV vehicle.

  Software’s used:  

1. PIC-C compiler for Embedded C programming.
2. PIC kit 2 programmer for dumping code into Micro controller.
3. Express SCH for Circuit design.