Agricultural mechanization is crucial for enhancing productivity and reducing manual labor in modern farming. This project introduces a solar-powered IoT-enabled multipurpose agricultural robot (Agribot) capable of performing key farming operations such as ploughing, seed sowing, water irrigation, and grass cutting. The Agribot is controlled using a PIC microcontroller, which serves as the central control unit for all agricultural tasks. An ESP32-CAM module provides real-time video streaming and enables remote control over a web interface via Wi-Fi connectivity. While monitoring the live video feed, the user can navigate the robot and operate its agricultural functions safely and accurately. The robot’s mobility is powered by DC motors controlled through an L293D motor driver, allowing precise forward, backward, left, and right movement. Agricultural operations are automated as follows:

• Seed Sowing: A DC motor with relay control ensures uniform seed distribution.
• Irrigation: A relay-operated water pump enables efficient water spraying.
• Grass Cutting: A relay-driven DC motor powers the grass cutter.
• Ploughing: The ploughing tool is mechanically linked and operates automatically during robot movement.

The system is powered by a solar panel with a rechargeable battery and charging circuit, making it suitable for remote farming areas. This IoT-based Agribot provides a cost-effective, energy-efficient, and intelligent solution for precision agriculture, minimizing human effort while maximizing operational efficiency.  

The main objectives of the project are:

1. To develop a solar-powered agricultural robot capable of performing essential farming operations.
2. To integrate IoT and ESP32-CAM for real-time video monitoring and remote control.
3. To automate seed sowing, irrigation, grass cutting, and ploughing mechanisms using DC motors and relays.
4. To provide precise navigation and control via a web interface.
5. To create an energy-efficient, cost-effective solution suitable for remote farming areas.

  The major building blocks of this project are:

• PIC Microcontroller.
• Solar panel.
• Charging circuit.
• Rechargeable Battery.
• DC Motors Along With L293d Driver.
• ESP32 CAM.
• Crystal Oscillator.
• Reset Button.
• Plough Tool.
• Seed sowing Pipe.
• Water motor.
• Led Indicators.
• Grass cutter.
• Relays

  Software’s used:    

1. PIC-C compiler for Embedded C programming.
2. PIC kit 2 programmer for dumping code into Micro controller.
3. Express SCH for Circuit design.
4. WEB application.

Block Diagram:

video: